Small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements containing different amounts of zinc along with diarrhea and malaria treatment increase iron and vitamin A status and reduce anemia prevalence, but do not affect zinc status in young Burkinabe children: a cluster-randomized trial

Table 2 Effects of SQ-LNS containing different amounts and sources of zinc provided along with malaria and diarrhea treatment on plasma zinc concentration and prevalence of low plasma zinc concentration in children at 9 and 18 months, by study group

	LNS-Zn0	LNS-Zn5	LNS-Zn10	LNS-TabZn5	P-value among 4 intervention groups^a,b	IC	NIC	P-value between cohorts^a,b	ICC^c	DE^d
Plasma zinc concentration (μg/dL)^e
N (9 and 18 mo)	84	74	79	73		310	93
Unadjusted pZC at 9 months	66.2 (63.4, 69.0)	66.0 (63.5, 68.6)	68.9 (66.5, 71.3)	68.8 (65.8, 72.0)	0.255	67.4 (66.1, 68.8)	65.1 (62.5, 67.7)	0.078	0.00	1.0
Adjusted pZC at 9 months	68.0 (65.2, 70.9)	68.1 (65.6, 70.8)	71.0 (68.6, 73.5)	71.2 (68.1, 74.5)	0.212	69.5 (68.2, 70.9)	67.1 (64.5, 69.9)	0.090	0.00	1.0
Unadjusted pZC at 18 months	61.7 (59.2, 64.4)	62.5 (60.1, 65.0)	64.4 (61.9, 67.0)	64.5 (62.4, 66.6)	0.774	63.2 (62.0, 64.4)	61.6 (59.4, 63.8)	0.968	0.02	1.3
Adjusted pZC at 18 months	63.3 (60.7, 65.9)	64.2 (61.8, 66.7)	66.0 (63.5, 68.7)	65.9 (63.8, 68.1)	0.742	64.8 (63.6, 66.0)	63.6 (61.4, 65.8)	0.831	0.03	1.4
Change in adjusted pZC^f	−4.9 (−6.93, −2.78)	−4.0 (−6.58, −1.41)	−4.8 (−7.46, −2.13)	−6.0 (−8.89, −3.05)	0.843	−4.9 (−6.16, −3.64)	−3.9 (−6.23, −1.51)	0.391	–	–
% Low plasma zinc concentration (pZC <65 μg/dL)^e
Low unadjusted pZC at 9 months, N (%)	38 (45.3)	34 (45.9)	28 (35.4)	33 (45.2)	0.498	133 (42.9)	44 (47.3)	0.399	–	–
Low adjusted pZC at 9 months, N (%)	29 (34.5)	28 (37.8)	22 (27.8)	27 (37.0)	0.587	106 (34.2)	36 (38.7)	0.370	–	–
Low unadjusted pZC at 18 months, N (%)	53 (63.1)	46 (62.2)	46 (58.2)	39 (53.4)	0.909	184 (59.3)	56 (60.2)	0.379	–	–
Low adjusted pZC at 18 months, N (%)	50 (59.5)	42 (56.8)	43 (54.4)	34 (46.6)	0.723	169 (54.5)	51 (54.8)	0.425	–	–

pZC plasma zinc concentration
^aGeometric mean (95% confidence interval), n (%). Values in the same row with different superscript letters are significantly different (P < 0.05)
^bAdjusting for the random effect of the village and baseline value
^cInter-cluster coefficient calculated based on the cluster (village) variance and the residual variance from proc MIXED
^dDesign effect calculated based on the standard error of the intervention with or without the random effect of the cluster
^epZC adjusted for time of blood draw, time since last breastfeed and CRP and AGP concentration; and additionally for baseline value at 18 months
^fMeans (95% CI) were calculated based on non-transformed adjusted values, but covariance analysis was done with the logarithmic-transformed variable

ISSN: 1471-2431