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Table 4 Impulsivity-hyperactivity, habitual eating behavior and parenting style by weight category

From: Impact of physical activity on energy balance, food intake and choice in normal weight and obese children in the setting of acute social stress: a randomized controlled trial

 

Normal weight (n = 26)

Overweight/obese (n = 24)

 

Outcome variables

Sedentary (n = 13)

Physical activity (n = 13)

Sedentary (n = 12)

Physical activity (n = 12)

Adjusted differences between weight categories

Children

     

Conners’ 3 ADHD Index- Child version

7.5 ± 2.8

7.5 ± 3.6

12.8 ± 5.3

10.2 ± 6.0

4.6 (1.5 to 7.7)**

Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire

     

 Restrained eating

9.9 ± 4.9

10.9 ± 6

17.3 ± 5.9

17.8 ± 8.7

8.4 (4 to 12.8)***

 Emotional eating

7.8 ± 6.2

10 ± 5.8

5.9 ± 7.1

9.3 ± 9.4

1.1 (−3.2 to 5.3)

 External eating

19.5 ± 7.3

20.5 ± 7

13.3 ± 8.4

16.8 ± 8

−2 (−6.8 to 2.9)

Parents

     

Conners’ 3 ADHD Index– Parent version

11.6 ± 3.5

12.3 ± 4.4

10 ± 5.0

13.3 ± 6.5

1.2 (−2 to 4.4)

Alabama Parenting Questionnaire

     

 Positive parenting

4.5 ± 0.2

4.5 ± 0.4

4.4 ± 0.3

4.6 ± 0.4

−1 (−0.3 to 0.2)

 Responsable parenting

3.9 ± 0.5

3.8 ± 0.3

3.8 ± 0.4

4.0 ± 0.5

-.2 (−1 to 0.5)

 Authoritarian parenting

3.8 ± 0.4

3.7 ± 0.6

3.1 ± 0.8

3.9 ± 0.5

-.2 (−0.7 to 0.2)

 Inconsistent parenting

2.5 ± 0.7

2.3 ± 0.6

2.6 ± 0.7

2.6 ± 0.5

-.3 (−0.2 to 0.7)

 Parental involvement

4.2 ± 0.4

4.2 ± 0.4

4.2 ± 0.5

4.0 ± 0.5

-.04 (−0.4 to 0.3)

 Corporal punishment

1.6 ± 0.5

1.6 ± 0.3

2.2 ± 0.7

2.1 ± 0.6

.4 (1 to 0.8)*

 Poor monitoring

1.2 ± 0.2

1.3 ± 0.4

1.4 ± 0.4

1.3 ± 0.5

1 (−0.2 to 0.3)

  1. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.
  2. TSST-C = Trier Social Stress Test for Children.
  3. The differences (95% confidence intervals) between weight categories (overweight/obese vs. normal weight children) are adjusted for age, gender, parental socioeconomic status, migrant status and for randomization group.