Table 1 Characteristics of parental-, child-, household- and community-level factors of stunted children aged 0–59 months in Nepal 2011
Characteristic | n | % |
|---|---|---|
Parental factors | ||
Maternal working status | ||
Non-working | 1033 | 43.4 |
Working (past 12 months) | 1347 | 56.6 |
Maternal education | ||
No education | 1128 | 47.4 |
Primary | 469 | 19.7 |
Secondary and above | 782 | 32.9 |
Partner’s occupation | ||
Non agriculture | 1679 | 70.6 |
Agriculture | 593 | 24.9 |
Not working | 108 | 4.5 |
Partner’s education | ||
No education | 530 | 22.4 |
Primary | 578 | 24.4 |
Secondary and above | 1262 | 53.3 |
Mother’s age | ||
15-24 years | 997 | 41.9 |
25-34 years | 1103 | 46.3 |
35-49years | 281 | 11.8 |
Mother’s age at birth | ||
< 20 years | 492 | 20.7 |
20-29 years | 1458 | 61.3 |
30-39 years | 367 | 15.4 |
≥40 years | 62 | 2.6 |
Marital status | ||
Currently married | 2361 | 99.2 |
Formerly married^ | 19 | 0.8 |
Birth order | ||
First-born | 835 | 35.1 |
2nd -4th | 1235 | 51.9 |
5 or more | 310 | 13.0 |
Preceding birth interval | ||
No previous birth | 835 | 35.1 |
< 24 months | 324 | 13.6 |
> 24 months | 1219 | 51.3 |
Place of delivery | ||
Home | 1560 | 65.6 |
Health facility | 820 | 34.4 |
Mode of delivery | ||
Non-caesarean | 2273 | 95.5 |
Caesarean | 107 | 4.5 |
Combined Place and mode of delivery | ||
Home delivery | 1560 | 65.5 |
Health facility with non-caesarean | 713 | 30.0 |
Health facility with caesarean | 107 | 4.5 |
Type of delivery assistance | ||
Health professional | 772 | 32.4 |
Traditional birth attendant | 44 | 1.9 |
Relatives and other untrained personnel | 1490 | 62.6 |
No one | 74 | 3.1 |
Antenatal clinic visits | ||
None | 317 | 16.8 |
1-3. | 647 | 34.3 |
4+ | 921 | 48.9 |
Timing of postnatal check-up | ||
No postnatal check-up | 1756 | 73.8 |
0-2 days | 429 | 18.0 |
Delayed | 196 | 8.2 |
Currently breastfeeding | ||
Yes | 1830 | 76.9 |
No | 550 | 23.1 |
Duration of breastfeeding | ||
Up to 12 months | 498 | 20.9 |
> 12 months | 1882 | 79.1 |
Mother’s literacy | ||
Can’t read at all | 1016 | 42.7 |
Can read | 1364 | 57.3 |
Child level factors | ||
Sex of baby | ||
Male | 1208 | 50.7 |
Female | 1172 | 49.3 |
Perceived size of baby at birth | ||
Small | 421 | 17.7 |
Average | 1531 | 64.5 |
Large | 424 | 17.8 |
Child’s age in months | ||
0-5 | 206 | 8.8 |
6-11 | 240 | 10.3 |
12-17 | 269 | 11.6 |
18-23 | 215 | 9.2 |
24-29 | 227 | 9.8 |
30-35 | 252 | 10.8 |
36-41 | 273 | 11.7 |
42-47 | 230 | 9.9 |
48-53 | 220 | 9.5 |
54-59 | 195 | 8.4 |
Child had diarrhoea recently | ||
No | 2028 | 85.2 |
Yes | 352 | 14.8 |
Child had fever in last two weeks | ||
No | 1883 | 79.1 |
Yes | 497 | 20.9 |
Household level factors | ||
Household food insecurity (Access) | ||
Food secure | 1004 | 43.6 |
Mildly insecure | 129 | 5.6 |
Moderately | 803 | 34.9 |
Severely | 365 | 15.9 |
Wealth index | ||
Poorest | 608 | 25.6 |
Poorer | 483 | 20.3 |
Middle | 555 | 23.3 |
Rich | 406 | 17.1 |
Richest | 328 | 13.8 |
Source of drinking water | ||
Unprotected | 409 | 17.2 |
Protected | 1972 | 82.8 |
Community level factors | ||
Type of residence | ||
Urban | 211 | 8.9 |
Rural | 2169 | 91.1 |
Caste group | ||
B/C (Hill and Terai) | 724 | 30.4 |
Newar | 63 | 2.7 |
Hill Janajati | 541 | 22.8 |
TeraiJanajati and other Terai castes | 469 | 19.7 |
Dalit | 434 | 18.2 |
Muslim and others | 149 | 6.3 |
Ecological Zone | ||
Mountain | 189 | 7.9 |
Hill | 940 | 39.5 |
Terai | 1252 | 52.6 |
Geographic Zones | ||
Eastern | 567 | 23.8 |
Central | 751 | 31.6 |
Western | 434 | 18.2 |
Mid-western | 359 | 15.1 |
Far-western | 269 | 11.3 |
Sub-Region | ||
Eastern Mountain | 46 | 1.9 |
Central Mountain | 42 | 1.7 |
Western Mountain | 101 | 4.3 |
Eastern Hill | 174 | 7.3 |
Central Hill | 215 | 9.0 |
Western Hill | 274 | 11.5 |
Mid-Western Hill | 165 | 6.9 |
Far-Western Hill | 112 | 4.7 |
Eastern Terai | 348 | 14.6 |
Central Terai | 495 | 20.8 |
Western Terai | 160 | 6.7 |
Mid-Western Terai | 136 | 5.7 |
Far-Western Terai | 113 | 4.7 |