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Table 4 Effect estimates of overweight/obesity on incident physician-diagnosed asthma by sex

From: Childhood body mass index and subsequent physician-diagnosed asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

Study

N

Years follow-up

Exposure

Outcome

Reference

Effect estimate

Total adjusted

Boys adjusted

Girls adjusted

Effect estimate (95% CI)

Effect estimate (95% CI)

Effect estimate (95% CI)

Gilliland et al., 20031[45]

3792

4

Overweight (>85th%)

New-onset asthma

BMI ≤85th%

RR

1.52 (1.14, 2.03)

2.06 (1.33, 3.18)

1.25 (0.83, 1.88)

Obesity (>95th%)

New-onset asthma

BMI ≤95th%

1.60 (1.08, 2.36)

2.29 (1.35, 3.88)

1.10 (0.60, 2.05)

Gold et al., 20032[46]

9828

avg. 5

BMI at entry (Z-score)

Asthma with any wheeze

N/A

RR

Not reported

1.05 (0.83, 1.33)

1.43 (1.09, 1.88)

BMI at entry Quintile 1

Asthma with any wheeze

Quintile 1

Reference

Reference

0.42 (0.21, 0.83)

1.37 (0.69, 2.70)

Quintile 2

1.01 (0.59, 1.73)

1.83 (0.95, 3.53)

Quintile 3

1.13 (0.67, 1.91)

1.76 (0.89, 3.46)

Quintile 4

1.04 (0.60, 1.82)

2.24 (1.14, 4.40)

Mamun et al., 20073[47]

2812

9

Z-score of BMI at age 5 years

Asthma at age 14

N/A

OR

1.01 (0.92, 1.11)

0.87 (0.75, 1.01)

1.14 (1.00, 1.29)

Mannino et al., 20064[48]

4393

avg. 6

Overweight/Obese (≥85th%) at baseline

Incident asthma

BMI 25th-84th%

HR

1.2 (0.9, 1.7)

1.6 (1.1, 2.4)

0.8 (0.5, 1.4)

Overweight/Obese (≥85th%) 4-5 years old

1.8 (1.2, 2.6)

1.4 (0.9, 2.6)

2.3 (1.2, 4.4)

Overweight/Obese (≥85th%) 6-7 years old

1.3 (0.7, 2.1)

1.6 (0.8, 3.2)

0.9 (0.4, 2.0)

Overweight/Obese (≥85th%) 8-9 years old

1.2 (0.6, 2.4)

1.2 (0.5, 3.2)

1.3 (0.5, 3.4)

always Overweight/obese

2.0 (1.3, 3.1)

2.4 (1.4, 4.4)

1.5 (0.7, 2.9)

Zhang et al., 20105[49]

259

3

Normal Weight (<85th%) at 3 years

Incident asthma at 6 years

Overweight (≥85th%)

OR

1.04 (0.50, 2.15)

Not reported

5

Incident asthma at 8 years

1.51 (0.69, 3.30)

238

1

Normal Weight (<85th%) at 5 years

Incident asthma at 6 years

Overweight (≥85th%)

0.91 (0.45, 1.88)

3

Incident asthma at 8 years

1.31 (0.61, 2.82)

Ho et al., 20116[50]

4052

1

Underweight

Physician-diagnosed asthma

Normal weight

OR

Not reported

0.76 (0.49, 1.18)

0.79 (0.49, 1.26)

Overweight

1.02 (0.67, 1.55)

1.12 (0.76, 1.67)

Obese

1.04 (0.69, 1.56)

1.75 (1.18, 2.61)

Change in BMI (per unit of BMI increase in kg/m2)

N/A

1.02 (0.91, 1.14)

1.01 (0.90, 1.14)

  1. 1Gilliland et al., 2003: RR adjusted for race/ethnicity, community, sex-specific effects of allergy, and history of wheezing.
  2. 2Gold et al., 2003: RR adjusted for city, race, age, parental education, air-conditioning, being an only child, single-parent family, and maternal smoking at entry.
  3. 3Mamun et al., 2007: OR adjusted for maternal age at birth, education, income, maternal smoking, birth weight, and breastfeeding.
  4. 4Mannino et al., 2006: HR adjusted for sex and prenatal maternal smoking.
  5. 5Zhang et al., 2010: OR adjusted for sex, maternal asthma, environmental factors during the first year, and wheezing with rhinovirus infection.
  6. 6Ho et al., 2011: OR adjusted for exercise frequency, parents with asthma, parental education, breastfeeding, pet(s), household fungus/mold, air-conditioning usage, smoking and environmental tobacco smoke exposure.
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BMC Pediatrics

ISSN: 1471-2431

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