Table 2 Approximate figures for benefits of circumcision in infancy versus circumcision later

Condition

Infancy

Later

Critical age for maximum benefit

UTI

10 ×

5 ×

birth, highest risk in 1^st year of life

Phimosis

5-infinity

5-infinity

birth

Balanitis

3 ×

3 ×

birth, higher risk after onset of sexual activity

Hygiene

n/a

n/a

birth

HIV

3-8 ×

3-8 ×

onset of sexual activity

HPV

2 ×

2 ×

onset of sexual activity

HSV-2

1.3 ×

1.3 ×

onset of sexual activity

Thrush

2 ×

2 ×

onset of sexual activity

Penile cancer

3-22 ×

less

protection level unclear if performed after childhood