Table 1 Characteristics of 4-year old children by presence of secondhand tobacco smoke during early life, in Malmö, Sweden, 2006-2008
Secondhand tobacco smoke during the first month in life* | Secondhand tobacco smoke at 8 months of age* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | No | Yes | |
(n = 3211; 78%) | (n = 894; 22%) | (n = 2968; 76%) | (n = 925; 24%) | |
Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||
Male (%) | 49.7 | 50.2 | 49.3 | 49.5 |
Firstborn (%) | 46.7 | 42.7† | 47.2 | 44.6 |
Mother having a low educational level (%) | 9.8 | 21.2† | 8.7 | 21.0† |
Both parents born outside Sweden (%) | 26.0 | 39.1† | 24.2 | 38.9† |
At least one parent with an allergy (%) | 39.8 | 32.0† | 39.8 | 32.0† |
Crowded living (%) | 9.4 | 14.5† | 8.8 | 14.1† |
Early life factors | ||||
Secondhand tobacco smoke at 1 month* (%) | 1.5 | 89.8† | ||
Low birth weight (<2500 g) (%) | 6.0 | 6.5 | 5.9 | 6.5 |
Mother smoking during pregnancy (%) | 2.5 | 35.3† | 1.9 | 35.3† |
Secondhand tobacco smoke at 8 months* (%) | 3.1 | 94.9† | ||
No breastfeeding (%) | 4.4 | 6.8† | 4.5 | 6.9† |
Taken part of parental education (%) | 57.8 | 44.1† | 58.5 | 45.2† |
Environmental factors at 4 years | ||||
Secondhand tobacco smoke at 4 years* (%) | 7.7 | 71.9† | 6.0 | 73.6† |
Having a pet (%) | 22.0 | 29.8† | 22.5 | 29.4† |
Low emotional support (%) | 19.1 | 23.4 | 18.7 | 22.0 |