Table 4 The abnormalities of neurological manifestations in 16 patients
No. | Sex | Age | Past Medical History | Neurological Symptoms | Neuroimaging | Diagnosis | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case 1 | M | 1y | NR | Coma; convulsion | Suspicious mild cerebral edema changes are observed in bilateral cerebral hemispheres and the brainstem. | Mild cerebral edema. | Death |
Case 2 | M | 1Â m | NR | Altered mental status | Abnormal signals are observed in bilateral frontal lobes and the posterior horn of the left lateral ventricle. Sequelae of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. | Cerebral edema | Improve |
Case 3 | F | 1y | NR | Convulsion | Diffuse abnormal signal changes can be observed in bilateral frontal-parietal-occipital lobes, the right temporal white matter, and the pressure part of the corpus callosum. There are also abnormal changes in the bilateral thalamus and bilateral basal ganglia. | Viral Encephalitis. | Improve |
Case 4 | F | 10y | NR | Coma | Bilateral cerebral hemispheres, brainstem, and posterior thalamus show swelling and reduced density. The cerebellum is suspected to be involved. | Acute necrotizing encephalopathy. | Improve |
Case 5 | F | 13y | NR | Coma; incoherent speech | Multiple scattered patchy abnormal signals are observed in the right basal ganglia region, right thalamus, brainstem, pons, and right side of the medulla oblongata. Encephalitis is being considered. | Encephalitis | Improve |
Case 6 | M | 1y | NR | Coma | Both cerebral hemispheres and cerebellar hemispheres show substantial swelling. The brainstem, bilateral basal ganglia, and posterior thalamus also exhibit swelling. Acute necrotizing encephalopathy is being considered. | Acute necrotizing encephalopathy | Death |
Case 7 | F | 10y | Epilepsy | Convulsion | Bilateral thalamic swelling with reduced density and pontine swelling with reduced density are observed. Acute necrotizing encephalopathy is being considered. | Acute necrotizing encephalopathy | Death |
Case 8 | F | 7y | NR | Coma | Abnormal signals in the splenium of the corpus callosum are observed. Reversible splenial lesion syndrome of the brain is being considered. | Reversible splenial lesion syndrome of the brain | Improve |
Case 9 | M | 17y | NR | Convulsion; coma | Bilateral temporal lobe cortical swelling with abnormal signal changes is observed. Encephalitis is being considered as a possibility. | Encephalitis | Improve |
Case 10 | M | 1Â m | NR | Agitation | Left temporal dura mater enhancement is observed on the MRI, with slightly increased signal in the corpus callosum. | Encephalitis | Improve |
Case 11 | M | 7y | Epilepsy | Altered mental status | Abnormal signals are observed in the deep white matter area of the left frontotemporal lobe, left basal ganglia area, and left dorsal thalamus. Considering the clinical history, there is a possibility of autoimmune encephalitis. | Autoimmune encephalitis | Improve |
Case 12 | F | 1y | NR | Convulsion | Bilateral thalamic swelling, brainstem edema, and multiple abnormal changes in the intracranial area are observed. Acute necrotizing encephalopathy is considered as a possibility, along with a slight hemorrhage in the left basal ganglia area. | Acute necrotizing encephalopathy | Improve |
Case 13 | M | 2y6m | NR | Convulsion; coma | Swelling and decreased density in bilateral cerebral hemispheres, brainstem, and thalamus, with involvement of bilateral basal ganglia area. There is a high possibility of acute necrotizing encephalopathy. | Acute necrotizing encephalopathy. | Death |
Case 14 | F | 1y | NR | Convulsion ; coma | Abnormal patchy signal changes in the bilateral thalamus, suggesting the possibility of acute necrotizing encephalitis. | Acute necrotizing encephalopathy | Improve |
Case 15 | M | 4Â m | NR | Convulsion | There is a significant widening of the extracerebral space and slight dilation of the ventricular system. There is also evident enhancement of the meninges in the bilateral frontal, temporal, and parietal regions, suggesting the possibility of intracranial infection. | Intracranal infection | Improve |
Case 16 | M | 10y | NR | Psychomotor retardation; headache | Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. | Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis | Improve |
Case 17 | F | 2y | NR | Convulsion | Bilateral thalamic swelling, brainstem edema, and multiple abnormal changes within the cranial cavity, suggesting the possibility of acute necrotizing encephalopathy. | Acute necrotizing encephalopathy | Death |
Case 18 | M | 8y | Nephrotic syndrome | Convulsion; coma | Multiple abnormal signals in the bilateral occipital and right frontal white matter, suggesting the possibility of reversible posterior brain syndrome. | Encephalopathy | Improve |
Case 19 | F | 9y | NR | Convulsion | Cerebral edema. | Cerebral edema | Improve |