Table 3 Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis of risk factors associated with externally visible birth defects at ACSH, Adama, Ethiopia, 2020
Variable | Case(n = 63) | Control(n = 252) | COR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | N (%) | ||||
Alcohol Use | Yes | 33(52.4%) | 49(19.4%) | 4.55(2.540, 8.177) | 6.57(3.102,13.937) * |
No | 30(47.6%) | 203(20.6%) | 1 | 1 | |
Diabetic mother | Yes | 9(14.3%) | 15(6%) | 2.633(1.095,6.334) | 2.197(0.636,7.585) |
No | 54(85.7%) | 237(94%) | 1 | 1 | |
Lack of ANC | Yes | 28(43.4%) | 67(26.6%) | 2.209(1.249,3.907) | 2.794(1.333,5.859) * |
No | 35(55.6%) | 185(73.4%) | 1 | 1 | |
History of stillborn | Yes | 24(38.1%) | 33(13.1%) | 4.084(2.183,7.641) | 3.967(1.772,8.881* |
No | 39(61.9%) | 219(86.9%) | 1 | 1 | |
Caffeine Use | Yes | 9(14.3%) | 17(6.8%) | 2.304(0.975,5.447) | 2.370(0.810,6.936) |
No | 54(85.7%) | 235(93.2%) | 1 | 1 | |
Drug use | Yes | 4(6.3%) | 8(3.2%) | 2.068(0.602,7.099) | 2.276(0.486,10.649) |
No | 59(94.7%) | 244(96.8%) | 1 | 1 | |
Vitamins consumption | Yes | 13(20.6%) | 32(12.7%) | 1 | 1 |
No | 50(79.4%) | 220(87.3%) | 0.559(0.274,1.142) | 0.562(0.226,1.395) | |
Exposure to pesticide | Yes | 9(14.3%) | 11(4.7%) | 3.652(1.442,9.246) | 4.84(1.375,17.034) * |
No | 54(85.7%) | 241(95.3%) | 1 | 1 | |
Family history CAs | Yes | 10(15.9%) | 18(7.1%) | 2.453(1.071,5.617) | 4.85(1.492,15.788) * |
No | 53(84.1%) | 234(92.9%) | 1 | 1 | |
Lack of folic acid | Yes | 47(24.6%) | 105(41.7%) | 4.112(2.212,7.646) | 4.324(2.062,9.067) * |
No | 16(25.4%) | 147(58.3%) | 1 | 1 | |
Birth order | 1–4 | 53(84.1%) | 182(72.2%) | 1 | 1 |
> 4 | 10(15.9%) | 70(27.8%) | 0.491(0.236,1.018) | 0.493(0.200,1.213) | |
Sex of children | Male | 42(66.7%) | 122(48.4%) | 2.131(1.194,3.803) | 2.067(1.009,4.238) * |
Female | 21(33.3%) | 130(51.6%) | 1 | 1 | |