Table 2 Description of the obesity management interventions included in the review (n = 27)
From: Family systems approaches in pediatric obesity management: a scoping review
Intervention / Program Name | Child Age Groupa | Intervention Target | Sample Characteristics | Country | Type of Care Setting | Duration of Intervention | Group vs. Individual Delivery | Delivery Focus | In-person vs. Online | Professionals Involved |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Creating Health Environments for Chicago Kids (CHECK) Trial [28] | SA | Parent/guardian & child | Low-income families | USA | Recruitment in Outpatient Clinic, Home-delivered | 12Â months | Individual | Family | In-person & telephone | Dietitians Nurses Exercise physiologist Social worker |
Dyad plus [29] | AD | Parent/guardian & adolescent | Recruitment site characteristics: 58% female adolescents; 45% White, 32% African American, 18% Hispanic, 5% other | USA | Weight loss clinic | 24Â months | Group & Individual | Family | In-person | Medical providers Dietitians Behavioralists Exercise specialists |
SA | Parent/guardian & child | 42.7% girls; 36% low SES, 32% medium SES, 36% high SES | Spain | Outpatient clinic | 6Â months | Group & Individual | Family | In-person | Psychologists Psychiatrist Dietitian- nutritionist Dietary coach Physical activity experts Pediatricians Nurses | |
Exergaming for Health [32] | SA | Parent/guardian & child | Neighborhoods with poverty; 54% girls; 61% White, 25% Black, 8% Hispanic/Asian | USA | Community | 6Â months | Group | Family | In-person | Dietician Licensed counselor Medical students |
Familias Unidas (United Families for Health and Wellness-FUHW) [33, 34] | AD | Parent/guardian & adolescent | Hispanic families living in USA; 52.3% females, Income in USD: 62% < 30K, 20% 30K–50K, 9%> 50K | USA | Community | 3 months | Group & Individual | Family, Parent-only & AD-only | In-person | Bilingual park coaches and fitness instructors (trained on problem-posing and participatory learning) |
AD | Parent/guardian & adolescent | African American families 64% female adolescents Parent annual income in USD: 3% unreported, 31% < 24K, 55% 25K–69K, 10% > 70K | USA | Community | 8 weeks [40] | Group & Individual | Family & Parent-only | In-person & online | Trained facilitators (background not specified) | |
Families Improving Together- Telehealth (FIT-T) [42] | AD | Parent/guardian & adolescent | Families of diverse backgrounds and identities | USA | Outpatient clinic | 3 days of intensive behavioral intervention + telephonic wellness follow-up (duration not reported) | Individual | Families | In-person & Teleconference | Psychologists Licensed clinicians A postdoctoral fellow with interest in health promotion and program development |
Families on the Move (FOTM) [43] | SA | Mother & child | Latino families. 57.9% girls Maternal education: 71% Less than high school, 14% high school diploma or general education diploma, 14% college graduate or trade school | USA | Community | 2 months | Group | Family & Parent-only & Child-only | In-person | Pediatric nurse practitioner student Primary investigator |
SA | Parent/guardian | Families in a medically underserved region 58% girls 45% black, 48% white, 8% other; 9% Hispanic Parental income in USD: 29% < 20K, 47% 20K–55K, 24% > 55K | USA | Community | 6 months [45]; 12 months [44] | Group & Individual | Parent-only | In-person & online | Dietician Local Parks and Recreation staff | |
Family Weight School Model [47] | AD | Parent/guardian & adolescent | 50% female adolescents | Sweden | Obesity center | 12Â months | Group & Individual | Family | In-person | Pediatrician Dietician / sports trainer Pediatric nurse Family therapist |
Fit Kids / Fit Families (FKFF) [48] | SA AD | Parent/guardian & child/adolescent | 66% female adolescents | USA | Community | 3Â months | Group | Family & Parent-only & Child-only | In-person | Nurse Dietician Behaviourist Exercise specialist |
AD | Parent/guardian & adolescent | Latino families, adolescents with prediabetes, 40.1% female adolescents | USA | Community | 9Â months 6Â months [50] | Group | Family & Child-only | In-person | Trained health educators Trained Physical Activity instructors | |
Lighter Living program (LiLi) [51] | PS | Parent/guardian | 50% girls; 93% native Swedish, 3% European, 3% South American. Parental education level: 10% compulsory school, 60% high school, 40% college/ university | Sweden | Hospital (outpatient) | 12Â months | Group | Parent-only | In-person | Therapists Occupational therapists |
Lund Overweight and Obesity Preschool Study (LOOPS) [52] | PS | Parent/guardian | N/A | Sweden | Hospital (outpatient) | 12Â months | Group | Parent-only | In-person | Clinical psychologist Occupational therapists |
PS SA | Parent/guardian & child | Hispanic and Black families, 50% girls, 88% Hispanic, [53] 54% females, 50% white, social class (by occupation): 39% non-manual [54, 55] | USA [53] | 2Â months [55] | Group & Individual [54] | Family | In-person | Healthcare providers MEND leaders and assistants | ||
Motivational plus family weight loss intervention [56] | AD | Parent/guardian & adolescent | Low income families, 70% female adolescents, 65% African American, 35% Caucasian | USA | Community | 1.5Â months | Group | Family & Parent-only & AD-only | In-person | Not specified |
Multidisciplinary family-based behavioral therapy for obesity (FBBT) [57] | AD | Parent/guardian & adolescent | 62% female adolescents | Switzerland | Hospital (outpatient) | 5Â months | Group | Family& Parent-only & AD-only | In-person | Licensed counselors |
PS | Parent/guardian & child | 72.15% girls | Netherlands | Hospital (outpatient) | 4Â months | Group & Individual | Family & Parent-only | In-person | Dietician Physiotherapist Psychologist | |
Multifamily Therapy plus Psychoeducation [60] | AD | Parent/guardian & adolescent | Female adolescents | USA | Hospital (outpatient) | 4Â months | Group | Family | In-person | Family therapists (master-level) Trained graduate students |
AD | Parent/guardian & adolescent | Low-income, African American adolescents, 77% female adolescents | USA | Community & Home | 6.5Â months | Individual | Family | In-person | Therapists | |
Intervention not named [64] | SA | Parent/guardian & child | 62% girls | Sweden | Outpatient clinic | 16Â months | Individual | Family | In-person | Nutritionists Dieticians Psychologists Pediatricians |
Parents as Agents of Change (PAC) | SA | Parent/guardian | 52% girls; 73.1% white | Canada | Hospital (outpatient) [65, 67, 68]; Community [66] | 4Â months | Group | Parent-only | In-person | Nutritionists Psychologists Social Workers Physiotherapists Trained on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy [68] |
Positively Fit [69] | SA AD | Parent/guardian & child/adolescent | 59.1% female children and adolescents; 14% African American, 71% European American, 4% Latino, 4% Biracial, 7% Other. Mean monthly income: $4072.54 USD | USA | Hospital (outpatient) | 2.5Â months | Group | Family | In-person | Nutritionists Therapists |
AD | Parent/guardian & adolescent | African American families, 60% female adolescents. Yearly family income in USD: 33% < 24K, 44% 25K–54 (44%), > 55K | USA | Community | 1.5 months | Group [71] Group & Individual [70] | Family | In-person | Trained graduate students (in Psychology or Public Health) | |
Solution-focused family therapy [72] | SA AD | Parent/guardian & child/adolescent | 40% female children and adolescents | Sweden | Hospital (outpatient) | 15Â months | Individual | Family | In-person | Dietician Sports Trainer Pediatric nurse Family Therapist |
Standard Behavioral Treatment + Enhanced Parenting [73, 74] | AD | Parent/guardian & adolescent | 76% female adolescents, 67.5% non-Hispanic whites. Parental education: 82% college or more | USA | Hospital (outpatient) | 4 months | Group | Parent-only & AD-only & Family | In-person | Psychologists Nutritionists Clinical psychology graduate students Bachelor-level research staffs |
T.A.F.F. (Telephone based Adiposity prevention For Families) [75,76,77] | SA AD | Parent/guardian & child/adolescent | 59% female children and adolescents | Germany | Community | 12Â months | Individual | Parent-only & AD-only & Family | Telephone-based | Prevention managers / counsellors |