Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Concept

- Explicitly mentions the use of FST to inform the design and development of a pediatric obesity management intervention:

- Family theories included in our search strategy were those identified by Skelton et al. [12] in their review of family theories utilized in childhood obesity research, namely FST, Circumplex Model of Family Functioning, Double ABCX Model of Family Stress, Family Stress Model of Economic Strain, Family Development Theory, and Ecologic Systems Theory

- Additional family theories included are: General Systems Theory, Calgary Family Assessment / Intervention Model, Systemic Family Therapy

- No explicit mention of FST or related theory in the design and development of the pediatric obesity management intervention

- No direct involvement of family members (e.g., school-based intervention with no or minimal family involvement)

Participants

- Children and adolescents of both sexes, between the ages of 2–18 years

- Children and adolescents with overweight or obesity as per the definition in original articles

- Targets at least one adult family member with or without the identified child/adolescent with overweight/obesity

- Children less than 2 years of age

- Children and adolescents without overweight or obesity (e.g., prevention interventions)

- No direct involvement of family members

Context

- Research conducted in any country or healthcare system, in any setting where healthcare may be delivered (e.g., inpatient and outpatient clinics, the community, home-based settings, etc.)

- Publications that dated between January 1980 and October 2023

- All socioeconomic status and sociocultural factors were considered

Types of Sources

- Primary research articles published in peer-reviewed journals

- Any language

- Quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods designs

- Published study protocols

- Case studies

- Opinion papers

- Letters

- Gray literature