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Although dysmenorrhea is not a life-threatening condition, it can cause a substantial burden on individuals and communities. There is no data on the prevalence of dysmenorrhea in Kuwait. This study aimed to es...
Cholecystoduodenostomy is a surgical procedure that bypasses the extrahepatic biliary tree and connects the gallbladder directly to the duodenum. This case describes the successful use of this procedure in a n...
The present study investigates whether sensation seeking in pre-school-age children is associated with age, gender and socio-economic status, and how sensation seeking relates to behavioural difficulties.
Children with cancer often suffer side effects from their treatment, for example nausea and vomiting, which can lead to malnutrition. If a child cannot eat orally, a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) c...
Obesity is one of the conditions that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Studies about obesity trajectory and cardio metabolic outcomes at adulthood are still scarce. Therefore, we aimed to assess t...
Numerous cases of scurvy secondary to diet limitations have been reported in the literature with most being boys with special needs. To date, the focus of the literature describing vitamin C deficiency has bee...
The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:151
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare, complex, life-threatening hyper-inflammatory condition due to over activation of lymphocytes mediated secretory cytokines in the body. It occurs as a primary...
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and biliary atresia (BA) are common causes of cholestasis in infancy. The diagnosis of BA is time sensitive due to an inverse correlation between age at intervention (hepatic p...
The incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in Kuwait is amongst the highest in the world. Vitamin D is considered to be involved in immune modulation and its deficiency contribute to autoimmune destructi...
The effects of prenatal maternal smoking have been studied extensively, however little research has examined the effects of prenatal exposure to maternal smoking on offspring sleep, particularly over several d...
Comprehensive data are needed to evaluate the burden of low birthweight. Analysis of routine data on health-care utilization during early childhood were used to test the hypothesis that infants with low birthw...
Mutations in the PIGV, PIGO, PIGL, PIGY, PGAP2, PGAP3, and PIGW genes have recently been reported to cause hyperphosphatasia accompanied by mental retardation syndrome (HPMRS); the latter is an autosomal-recessiv...
While intercenter variation (ICV) in anti-epileptic drug (AED) use in neonates with seizures has been previously reported, variation in AED practices across regional NICUs has not been specifically and systema...
In Kawasaki disease (KD), a vasculitis of unknown etiology, the most serious complication is the development of coronary artery aneurysm (CAA). To date, the exact pathomechanism of KD is unknown. Both environm...
Tinea capitis is a cutaneous fungal infection common among 3 to 7 year old children but it is rare in the first year of life.
Although renin-angiotensin II-aldosterone system inhibitor (RASI) use for renal protection is well-documented, adherence to RASI therapy in the pediatric population is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate pat...
Primary lymphomas of the gastrointestinal tract are rare, accounting for only 1 to 4% of malignancies arising in the stomach, small intestine, or colon. The stomach is the most common extranodal site of lympho...
Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is a type of hemolytic anemia caused by abnormal red cell membrane skeletal proteins with few unique clinical manifestations in the neonate and infant. An ANK1 gene mutation is the m...
Beta thalassemia (β-thal) is an inherited hemoglobin disorder characterized by reduced synthesis of the hemoglobin that results in microcytic hypochromic anemia. β-Thalassemia intermedia (TI) is a clinical ter...
Body composition in infancy plays a central role in the programming of metabolic diseases. Fat mass (FM) is determined by personal and environmental factors. Anthropometric measurements allow for estimations o...
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is an acute viral infection occurring mostly in infants and children. Enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection mostly occurs in children < 5 years of age. Severe cases, however, are...
Donor human milk (DHM) is the best alternative for preterm infants when their own mother’s milk is unavailable. DHM should be pasteurized to guarantee microbiological safety; however, this process can influenc...
Postoperative fluid management in critically ill neonates and infants with capillary leak syndrome (CLS) and extensive volume overload after cardiac surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass is challenging. CLS is oft...
Children with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) show endocrine complications and metabolic alterations. The physiopathology of these conditions is not completely understood: iron overload due to chronic transfusions, ...
Abernethy malformation is an extremely rare congenital malformation characterised by an extrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Children with Abernathy malformation can develop hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) with pu...
The global incidence of overweight and obesity has increased dramatically among children and adolescents over the past decades. Insufficient sleep duration and physical inactivity are known risk factors for ov...
Prevalence of hemolytic neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NHB) is not well characterized, and economic burden at the population level is poorly understood. This study evaluated the prevalence, clinical characterist...
The literature suggests that 0.9 to 6% of infants who die unexpectedly may have had a metabolic disorder. At least 43 different inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) have been associated with sudden death (SUDI)....
Newborn resuscitation is a life-saving intervention for birth asphyxia, a leading cause of neonatal mortality. Improving provider newborn resuscitation skills is critical for delivering quality care, but the r...
A new formulation of the live-attenuated varicella vaccine Varilrix (GSK) produced without human serum albumin (HSA) was developed to minimize a theoretical risk of transmission of infectious diseases. A previous...
The early recognition of meningococcal disease in children is vital. During the prodrome however, meningococcal infection presents similarly to many self-limiting viral infections. This mandates a cautious app...
The aim was to evaluate the intervention’s effect on prevention and reversal of nonsynostotic plagiocephaly.
In Senegal in 2015, an estimated 4800 children were living with HIV, with 1200 receiving ARV treatment, of whom half had follow-up care in decentralized sites outside Dakar.
Excessive and inappropriate antimicrobial use in the community is one risk factor that can result in the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Upper respiratory tract infections are most frequently reported amon...
Data on the prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and direct self-injurious behavior in adolescents with a migration background are scarce. There are hints that this population is at risk. The aim...
A number of region-specific validated triage systems exist; however very little is known about their performance in resource limited settings. We compare the local triage tool and internationally validated too...
Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile vasculitis that primarily affects children. Previous studies have shown that both innate and adapt immune systems are involved in the immunopathogenesis of KD. The fol...
Brazil introduced the monovalent rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix®) in 2006. This study aimed to assess the epidemiology and genotype distribution of species-A rotavirus (RVA) in Brazil, comparing the pre- and post-vac...
The data about quality of care of more than 70 countries were available from UNICEF but little was known about China. We examined the status about quality of care and explored its associations with development...
Smartphones and associated messaging applications have become the most common means of communication among health care workers and the general population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability ...
Finding an abdominal mass or hematuria is the initial step in diagnosing Wilms tumor. As the first manifestation of Wilms tumor, it is exceedingly rare for pulmonary tumor embolism to present with cardiac arre...
Pneumomediastinum is an uncommon cause of neonatal respiratory distress. Clinical history and examination of the neonate may be uninformative in determining the aetiology of the respiratory distress. Chest x-r...
Treatment failure and delay in switching to second line regimen are major concerns in the treatment of HIV infected children in a resource limited setting. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence...
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of most common pediatric infections. The study was designed to assess the clinical profile, common bacterial microorganisms causing UTI and their antimicrobial susceptibili...
South Asia contributes substantially to global low birth weight population (i.e. those with birth weight < 2500 g). Synthesized evidence is lacking on magnitude of cognitive and motor deficits in low birth wei...
Obesity in children and adolescents is an increasing problem associated with multiple co-morbidities including metabolic and endocrine changes, cardiovascular abnormalities, and impaired quality of life. Combi...
In Ethiopia uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is managed at health posts level through the outpatient therapeutic program (OTP). Yet, evidence on the treatment success rate of the program is scarce...
Blood stream infections (BSIs) cause a complex cascade of inflammatory events, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality in children in Tanzania. This study was designed to delineate circulating bacteri...
There is no established standard chemotherapy for recurrent pediatric solid tumors such as neuroblastoma and sarcoma. Since some of these tumor cells show dysfunctions in homologous recombination repair, the g...
Many newborn infants die from preventable causes in South Africa, often these deaths occur in district hospitals. A multipronged intervention aiming to improve quality of newborn care in district hospitals was...
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