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  1. Intensive inpatient lifestyle treatment may be a suitable alternative for severely obese children and adolescents who do not benefit from ambulatory obesity treatment.

    Authors: Sabine Makkes, Carry M. Renders, Judith E. Bosmans, Olga H. van der Baan-Slootweg, Trynke Hoekstra and Jacob C. Seidell
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:120
  2. Compare the efficacy and safety of Plasma-Lyte A (PLA) versus 0.9 % sodium chloride (NaCl) intravenous (IV) fluid replacement in children with moderate to severe dehydration secondary to acute gastroenteritis ...

    Authors: Coburn H. Allen, Ran D. Goldman, Seema Bhatt, Harold K. Simon, Marc H. Gorelick, Philip R. Spandorfer, David M. Spiro, Sharon E. Mace, David W. Johnson, Eric A. Higginbotham, Hongyan Du, Brendan J. Smyth, Carol R. Schermer and Stuart L. Goldstein
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:117
  3. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare, life-threatening disorder characterized by prolonged fever, cytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, rash, icterus, and other neurological symptoms. Successful treatme...

    Authors: Hua Pan, Dong-ning Feng, Liang Song and Li-rong Sun
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:116
  4. Low/medium income countries, with health inequalities present high rates of neonates having low birthweight and/or are small for the gestational age. This study aims to analyze the absolute and relative income...

    Authors: Ana D. I. Sadovsky, Alicia Matijasevich, Iná S. Santos, Fernando C. Barros, Angelica E. Miranda and Mariangela F. Silveira
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:115
  5. The extent of lung hypoplasia in neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) can be assessed from gas exchange. We examined the role of preductal capillary blood gases in prognosticating outcome in pat...

    Authors: Ruža Grizelj, Katarina Bojanić, Ena Pritišanac, Tomislav Luetić, Jurica Vuković, Toby N. Weingarten, Darrell R. Schroeder and Juraj Sprung
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:114
  6. Nutritional support is critical for preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). A multidisciplinary nutritional support team (NST) that focuses on providing optimal and individualized nutrition...

    Authors: Eurim Jeong, Young Hwa Jung, Seung Han Shin, Moon Jin Kim, Hye Jung Bae, Yoon Sook Cho, Kwi Suk Kim, Hyang Sook Kim, Jin Soo Moon, Ee-Kyung Kim, Han-Suk Kim and Jae Sung Ko
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:113
  7. Reportedly, administration of hypotonic fluids containing 30.8–74 mEq/L sodium with 5 % glucose may lead to serious hyponatremia or hyperglycemia. In Japan, hypotonic fluids containing 90 mEq/L sodium with 2.6...

    Authors: Kentaro Ouchi and Kazuna Sugiyama
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:112
  8. Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), an endothelial neoplasm, is associated with human herpes virus (HHV) -8 infection. KS has four clinical sub-types: Mediterranean/classic, African/endemic, human immunodeficiency virus (H...

    Authors: Lika’a Fasih Y. Al-Kzayer, Peter Keizer, Farah T. Abdulraheem, Kenji Sano, Minoru Kamata, Kazuo Sakashita, Laith A. Y. Habbaba and Kenichi Koike
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:111
  9. Surgical stress initiates a series of host hormone, metabolism and immune responses, which predominantly affect the homeostatic mechanism of patients with major surgery. B7-H3 is a co-stimulatory molecule and ...

    Authors: Yan Li, Qing Yuan, Jie Huang, Yi Ping Li, Jian Pan, Xing Feng, Xue Guang Zhang, Jiang Huai Wang and Jian Wang
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:110
  10. Little is known on outcomes after transition to adult care among adolescents with perinatal HIV infection. Though there is data from other chronic pediatric diseases suggesting increased morbidity and mortalit...

    Authors: Fatima Kakkar, Dimitri Van der Linden, Silvie Valois, Francois Maurice, Marion Onnorouille, Normand Lapointe, Hugo Soudeyns and Valerie Lamarre
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:109
  11. Although acute otitis media (AOM) remains a major public health problem worldwide and brings economic burden on health care system and caregivers, little information is available about its epidemiology in East...

    Authors: Vytautas Usonis, Teresa Jackowska, Sigita Petraitiene, Alicja Sapala, Andrea Neculau, Izabella Stryjewska, Raghavendra Devadiga, Monica Tafalla and Katsiaryna Holl
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:108
  12. Niemann-Pick disease Type C (NP-C) is difficult to diagnose due to heterogeneous and nonspecific clinical presentation. The NP-C Suspicion Index (SI) was developed to identify patients with a high likelihood o...

    Authors: Mercedes Pineda, Eugen Mengel, Helena Jahnová, Bénédicte Héron, Jackie Imrie, Charles M. Lourenço, Vanessa van der Linden, Parvaneh Karimzadeh, Vassili Valayannopoulos, Pavel Jesina, Juan V. Torres and Stefan A. Kolb
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:107
  13. Antiretroviral treatment means many HIV infected children are surviving with a highly stigmatised condition. There is a paucity of data to inform policies for this growing cohort. Hence we carried out a study ...

    Authors: Gabriel Anabwani, Grace Karugaba and Lesego Gabaitiri
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:106

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:132

  14. The comparison of the frequencies of bacterial and viral infections among children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) admitted in distinct severity categories, in an original study, is lacking in literatu...

    Authors: Amanda C. Nascimento-Carvalho, Olli Ruuskanen and Cristiana M. Nascimento-Carvalho
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:105
  15. About 9 % of all children in Germany are born preterm. Despite significant improvements of medical care, preterm infants are at a greater risk to develop short and long term health complications. Negative cons...

    Authors: Jochen Schmitt, Katrin Arnold, Diana Druschke, Enno Swart, Xina Grählert, Ulf Maywald, Andreas Fuchs, Andreas Werblow, Maryan Schemken, Jörg Reichert and Mario Rüdiger
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:104
  16. The contribution of HIV-exposure to childhood mortality in a setting with widespread antiretroviral treatment (ART) availability has not been determined.

    Authors: Rebecca Zash, Sajini Souda, Jean Leidner, Heather Ribaudo, Kelebogile Binda, Sikhulile Moyo, Kathleen M. Powis, Chipo Petlo, Mompati Mmalane, Joe Makhema, Max Essex, Shahin Lockman and Roger Shapiro
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:103
  17. We investigated longitudinal relationships between the biochemical markers of bone and adipose tissue with bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) ...

    Authors: Donvina Vaitkeviciute, Evelin Lätt, Jarek Mäestu, Toivo Jürimäe, Meeli Saar, Priit Purge, Katre Maasalu and Jaak Jürimäe
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:102
  18. The difference in sodium ion levels determined with direct and indirect methods often exceeds the permissible limit clinically. Additionally, no previous study has assessed the difference in the sodium ion lev...

    Authors: Hyunho Kim, Jin Kyu Kim and Soo Chul Cho
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:101
  19. Physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep are all movement behaviors that range on a continuum from no or low movement, to high movement. Consistent associations between movement behaviors and adiposity...

    Authors: Nicholas Kuzik and Valerie Carson
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:100
  20. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) is characterized by a transient decrease in ejection fraction and a reversible left ventricular dysfunction. The pathophysiology of TC is not completely understood. Heterogeneous ...

    Authors: Maria Debora De Pasquale, Angela Mastronuzzi, Luigi De Sio, Annalisa Serra, Chiara Grimaldi, Marcello Chinali and Ugo Giordano
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:99
  21. The morbidity and mortality rates due to cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction are known to exhibit seasonal variations. Moreover, changes in the ambient temperature are reportedly associated wit...

    Authors: Shigeo Iijima, Katsuyuki Sekii, Toru Baba, Daizo Ueno and Akira Ohishi
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:97
  22. In case of cow’s milk allergy (CMA), pediatric guidelines recommend for children the use of extensively hydrolyzed formulas (eHFs) as elimination diet. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, the hypo...

    Authors: Christophe Dupont, Elena Bradatan, Pascale Soulaines, Rita Nocerino and Roberto Berni-Canani
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:96
  23. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is highly prevalent in Kuwait with incidence of around 40.1/100,000 individuals. Evidence indicate that vitamin D plays an important role in modulating the immune system and cou...

    Authors: Majedah A. Rasoul, Maria Al-Mahdi, Hessa Al-Kandari, Gursev S. Dhaunsi and Mohammad Z. Haider
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:95
  24. Practices regarding hospitalisation of children at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes vary both within countries and internationally, and high-quality evidence of best practice is scarce. The objective of this study...

    Authors: Irén Tiberg, Björn Lindgren, Annelie Carlsson and Inger Hallström
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:94
  25. Fluid bolus administration is widely recommended as part of the initial treatment of paediatric sepsis, though the physiological benefits and harms are unclear. The primary aim of this study is to determine th...

    Authors: Elliot Long, Ed Oakley, Franz E. Babl and Trevor Duke
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:93
  26. Many weight-loss programs in children are performed without specific foci on training both physical fitness and motor skills. The aim of this study was to describe the effect of a one-year weight-loss program ...

    Authors: Kristian Traberg Larsen, Tao Huang, Lisbeth Runge Larsen, Line Grønholt Olesen, Lars Bo Andersen and Niels Christian Møller
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:91
  27. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of gestational age on pharmacokinetics of ranitidine in newborns with gastroesophageal reflux.

    Authors: Ismael Lares Asseff, Graciela Benitez Gaucin, Hugo Juárez Olguín, Jose Antonio Godinez Nájera, Alejandra Toledo López, Gabriela Pérez Guillé and Fausto Zamura Torres
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:90
  28. In Western countries, about a quarter of children are affected by parental separation and a number of authors have previously investigated how familial structure impacts children’s health. The purpose of the w...

    Authors: Nadine Kacenelenbogen, Michèle Dramaix-Wilmet, M. Schetgen, M. Roland and Isabelle Godin
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:89
  29. GM2 gangliosidosis-AB variants a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder occurring due to deficiency of GM2 activator protein resulting from the mutation in GM2A gene. Only seven mutations in nine cas...

    Authors: Jayesh Sheth, Chaitanya Datar, Mehul Mistri, Riddhi Bhavsar, Frenny Sheth and Krati Shah
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:88
  30. The presence of an association between age at the onset of puberty and intelligence quotient (IQ) in young adolescents remains controversial. The aim of this study was to explore the association between age at...

    Authors: Pongsak Noipayak, Petch Rawdaree, Busaba Supawattanabodee and Sumonmal Manusirivitthaya
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:87
  31. Lower socioeconomic status has been associated with adverse lipid levels in adult populations. Childhood dyslipidemia is a risk factor for future cardiovascular disease. However, studies examining relationship...

    Authors: Enid E. Martinez, Peter W. Forbes, Sharon E. O’Brien and Sarah D. de Ferranti
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:86
  32. Children’s psychological and physiological health can be summarized as the child’s thinking, feeling, behaving, eating, growing, and moving. Children’s psychological and physiological health conditions are inf...

    Authors: Nadine Messerli-Bürgy, Tanja H. Kakebeeke, Amar Arhab, Kerstin Stülb, Annina E. Zysset, Claudia S. Leeger-Aschmann, Einat A. Schmutz, Fady Fares, Andrea H. Meyer, Simone Munsch, Susi Kriemler, Oskar G. Jenni and Jardena J. Puder
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:85
  33. Medication errors cause a large number of adverse drug events with negative patient health outcomes and are a major public-health burden contributing to 18.7–56 % of all adverse drug events among hospitalized ...

    Authors: Mohammed Gebre Dedefo, Abraham Haileamlak Mitike and Mulugeta Tarekegn Angamo
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:81
  34. Noisy breathing is a common presenting symptom in children. The purpose of this study is to (a) assess parental ability to label wheeze, (b) compare the ability of parents of children with and without asthma t...

    Authors: Shalini Shanmugam, Anna Marie Nathan, Rafdzah Zaki, Kian Eng Tan, Kah Peng Eg, Surendran Thavagnanam and Jessie Anne de Bruyne
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:80
  35. Adolescent tobacco smoking is a major health concern in Chile. Schools may be able to influence adolescent behaviour regarding smoking; however, this topic has received limited research attention in Latin-Amer...

    Authors: Jorge Gaete, Catalina Ortúzar, Pedro Zitko, Alan Montgomery and Ricardo Araya
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:79
  36. Psycho-active substance use among adolescents is a national and global problem and its attendant effects on adolescents cannot be overemphasized.

    Authors: Pius C. Manyike, Josephat M. Chinawa, Awoere T. Chinawa, Herbert A. Obu, Ada R.C. Nwokocha and Odutola I. Odetunde
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:78
  37. Celiac disease (CD) is increasing worldwide, which might be due to the changing environmental and lifestyle exposures. We aimed to explore how conditions related to maternity, delivery and the neonatal period ...

    Authors: Fredinah Namatovu, Cecilia Olsson, Marie Lindkvist, Anna Myléus, Ulf Högberg, Anneli Ivarsson and Olof Sandström
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:77
  38. The early environment is important for child development and wellbeing. Gene-by-environment studies investigating the impact of the serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) and the Brain De...

    Authors: Sara Agnafors, Gunilla Sydsjö, Erika Comasco, Marie Bladh, Lars Oreland and Carl Göran Svedin
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:76
  39. Many clinicians have concerns about the safety of atopic dermatitis (AD) treatments, particularly in children requiring long-term daily maintenance therapy. Topical corticosteroids (TCS) have been widely used ...

    Authors: Elaine C. Siegfried, Jennifer C. Jaworski, Jennifer D. Kaiser and Adelaide A. Hebert
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:75
  40. To date, diagnosing food allergies in children still presents a diagnostic dilemma, leading to uncertainty concerning the definite diagnosis of peanut allergy, as well as to the need for strict diets and the p...

    Authors: Leonieke N. van Veen, Michiel Heron, Manou Batstra, Paul M. M. van Haard and Hans de Groot
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:74
  41. The quality of the home learning environment has a significant influence on children’s language and communication skills during the early years with children from disadvantaged families disproportionately affe...

    Authors: Jan M. Nicholson, Warren Cann, Jan Matthews, Donna Berthelsen, Obioha C. Ukoumunne, Misel Trajanovska, Shannon K. Bennetts, Tessa Hillgrove, Victoria Hamilton, Elizabeth Westrupp and Naomi J. Hackworth
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:73
  42. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a major cause of mortality and long-term respiratory and neurological morbidity in very preterm infants. While survival rates of very preterm infants have increased over the...

    Authors: Carmel T. Collins, Robert A. Gibson, Maria Makrides, Andrew J. McPhee, Thomas R. Sullivan, Peter G. Davis, Marta Thio, Karen Simmer and Victor S. Rajadurai
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:72
  43. Kawasaki disease is an acute, febrile, self-limiting, inflammatory systemic vasculitis seen in early childhood, most commonly in those below 5 years of age. In Kawasaki disease, the coronary arteries are most ...

    Authors: Chia-Pei Chou, I-Chun Lin and Kuang-Che Kuo
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:71
  44. Upper limb orthoses are frequently prescribed for children with cerebral palsy (CP) who have muscle overactivity predominantly due to spasticity, with little evidence of long-term effectiveness. Clinical conse...

    Authors: Christine Imms, Margaret Wallen, Catherine Elliott, Brian Hoare, Melinda Randall, Susan Greaves, Brooke Adair, Elizabeth Bradshaw, Rob Carter, Francesca Orsini, Sophy T. F. Shih and Dinah Reddihough
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:70
  45. While the initiation of breastfeeding is universal in Nepal, little has been reported on formula feeding practices. This study aimed to report the prevalence of, and factors associated with, the use of infant ...

    Authors: Vishnu Khanal, Jane A. Scott, Andy H. Lee, Rajendra Karkee and Colin W. Binns
    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2016 16:68

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