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  1. The strongest causal evidence that customary spanking increases antisocial behavior is based on prospective studies that control statistically for initial antisocial differences. None of those studies have inv...

    Authors: Robert E Larzelere, Ronald B Cox Jr and Gail L Smith

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2010 10:10

    Content type: Correspondence

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  2. Thyroid hormone treatment in children with congenital hypothyroidism can prevent intellectual disability. Guidelines recommend that children diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism through newborn screening r...

    Authors: Alex R Kemper, Lijing Ouyang and Scott D Grosse

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2010 10:9

    Content type: Research article

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  3. Endothelial dysfunction is a complication of both obesity and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), the latter being highly prevalent among obese children. It is unknown whether obesity causes endothelial d...

    Authors: Rakesh Bhattacharjee, Wadha H Alotaibi, Leila Kheirandish-Gozal, Oscar Sans Capdevila and David Gozal

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2010 10:8

    Content type: Research article

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  5. There is very little evidence of the similarity of the mechanics of maternal and bottle feeding. We assessed the mechanics of sucking in exclusive breastfeeding, exclusive bottle feeding, and mixed feeding. Th...

    Authors: Angel Moral, Ignasi Bolibar, Gloria Seguranyes, Josep M Ustrell, Gloria Sebastiá, Cristina Martínez-Barba and Jose Ríos

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2010 10:6

    Content type: Research article

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  6. There is increasing evidence that tight blood glucose (BG) control improves outcomes in critically ill adults. Children show similar hyperglycaemic responses to surgery or critical illness. However it is not k...

    Authors: Duncan Macrae, John Pappachan, Richard Grieve, Roger Parslow, Simon Nadel, Margrid Schindler, Paul Baines, Peter-Marc Fortune, Zdenek Slavik, Allan Goldman, Ann Truesdale, Helen Betts, Elizabeth Allen, Claire Snowdon, Deborah Percy, Michael Broadhead…

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2010 10:5

    Content type: Study protocol

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  8. The UK has one of the lowest breastfeeding rates worldwide and in recent years the Government has made breastfeeding promotion one of its priorities. The UNICEF UK Baby Friendly Initiative is likely to increas...

    Authors: Gabriel Agboado, Elaine Michel, Elaine Jackson and Arpana Verma

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2010 10:3

    Content type: Research article

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  9. Central adiposity is related to chronic disease risk in adolescents. Racial differences in waist circumference have been identified using cross-sectional data from this age group. We tested for racial differen...

    Authors: David J Tybor, Alice H Lichtenstein, Gerard E Dallal, Stephen R Daniels and Aviva Must

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2010 10:2

    Content type: Research article

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  10. Infantile spasms represent a serious epileptic syndrome that occurs in the early infantile age. ACTH and Vigabatrin are actively investigated drugs in its treatment. This study describes the comparison of thei...

    Authors: Shahnaz Ibrahim, Shamshad Gulab, Sidra Ishaque and Taimur Saleem

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2010 10:1

    Content type: Research article

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  11. Weight loss of greater than 7% from birth weight indicates possible feeding problems. Inadequate oral intake causes weight loss and increases the bilirubin enterohepatic circulation. The objective of this stud...

    Authors: Ariel A Salas, Jorge Salazar, Claudia V Burgoa, Carlos A De-Villegas, Valeria Quevedo and Amed Soliz

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2009 9:82

    Content type: Research article

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  12. Parents are integral to the implementation of obesity prevention and management recommendations for children. Exploration of barriers to and facilitators of parental decisions to adopt obesity prevention recom...

    Authors: Kendrin R Sonneville, Nancy La Pelle, Elsie M Taveras, Matthew W Gillman and Lisa A Prosser

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2009 9:81

    Content type: Research article

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  13. The HIV prevalence in Malawi is 12% and Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH), in the capital Lilongwe, is the main provider of adult and paediatric HIV services in the central region. The Lighthouse at KCH offers opt...

    Authors: Ralf Weigel, Portia Kamthunzi, Charles Mwansambo, Sam Phiri and Peter N Kazembe

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2009 9:80

    Content type: Research article

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  16. Decisions about interim analysis and early stopping of clinical trials, as based on recommendations of Data Monitoring Committees (DMCs), have far reaching consequences for the scientific validity and clinical...

    Authors: Ricardo M Fernandes, Johanna H van der Lee and Martin Offringa

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2009 9:77

    Content type: Research article

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  17. Co-bedding, a developmental care strategy, is the practice of caring for diaper clad twins in one incubator (versus separating and caring for each infant in separate incubators), thus creating the opportunity ...

    Authors: Marsha L Campbell-Yeo, C Celeste Johnston, KS Joseph, Nancy L Feeley, Christine T Chambers and Keith J Barrington

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2009 9:76

    Content type: Study protocol

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  18. Powdered infant formula (PIF) is not a sterile product, but this information appears to be poorly diffused among child caregivers. Parents and child care workers may behave in an unsafe manner when handling PIF.

    Authors: Giuseppe Calamusa, Rosalia Maria Valenti, Ivana Guida and Caterina Mammina

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2009 9:75

    Content type: Research article

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  19. Individuals grow and accumulate central patterns of body fat into the diseases they will suffer from as older adults. The need to elicit the development and tracking of central patterns of body fat from younge...

    Authors: Kotsedi D Monyeki, Han CG Kemper and Phuti J Makgae

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2009 9:74

    Content type: Research article

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  20. Early developmental interventions to prevent the high rate of neurodevelopmental problems in very preterm children, including cognitive, motor and behavioral impairments, are urgently needed. These interventio...

    Authors: Alicia J Spittle, Carmel Ferretti, Peter J Anderson, Jane Orton, Abbey Eeles, Lisa Bates, Roslyn N Boyd, Terrie E Inder and Lex W Doyle

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2009 9:73

    Content type: Study protocol

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  21. About 10-20% of neonates with suspected or proven early onset sepsis (EOS) fail on the empiric antibiotic regimen of ampicillin or penicillin and gentamicin. We aimed to identify clinical and laboratory marker...

    Authors: Tuuli Metsvaht, Heti Pisarev, Mari-Liis Ilmoja, Ülle Parm, Lea Maipuu, Mirjam Merila, Piia Müürsepp and Irja Lutsar

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2009 9:72

    Content type: Research article

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  22. Rates of preterm birth are increasing worldwide and this increase is mostly due to infants born between 34 and 36 weeks of gestational age, the so-called "late preterm" births. The aim of this study was to ass...

    Authors: Ina S Santos, Alicia Matijasevich, Marlos R Domingues, Aluísio JD Barros, Cesar G Victora and Fernando C Barros

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2009 9:71

    Content type: Research article

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  23. The gold standard to assess hyperbilirubinemia in neonates remains the serum bilirubin measurement. Unfortunately, this is invasive, painful, and costly. Bilimed®, a new transcutaneous bilirubinometer, suggests m...

    Authors: Tanja Karen, Hans Ulrich Bucher and Jean-Claude Fauchère

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2009 9:70

    Content type: Research article

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  24. To investigate determinants of antibiotic prescription in paediatric care, as a first step of a multilevel intervention to improve prescribing for common respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in a northern Itali...

    Authors: Maria Luisa Moro, Massimiliano Marchi, Carlo Gagliotti, Simona Di Mario and Davide Resi

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2009 9:69

    Content type: Research article

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  25. Knowledge about psychometric properties of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) in the Netherlands is limited and Dutch reference data are lacking. Aim of the current study is to collect Dutch refe...

    Authors: Vivian Engelen, Marleen M Haentjens, Symone B Detmar, Hendrik M Koopman and Martha A Grootenhuis

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2009 9:68

    Content type: Research article

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  26. The World Health Organization recommends dry cord care for newborns but this recommendation may not be optimal in low resource settings where most births take place in an unclean environment and infections acc...

    Authors: Luke C Mullany, Shams El Arifeen, Peter J Winch, Rasheduzzaman Shah, Ishtiaq Mannan, Syed M Rahman, Mohammad R Rahman, Gary L Darmstadt, Saifuddin Ahmed, Mathuram Santosham, Robert E Black and Abdullah H Baqui

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2009 9:67

    Content type: Study protocol

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  27. Previous studies have shown that children's nonnutritive sucking habits may lead to delayed development of their oral anatomy and functioning. However, these findings were inconsistent. We investigated associa...

    Authors: Clarita Barbosa, Sandra Vasquez, Mary A Parada, Juan Carlos Velez Gonzalez, Chanaye Jackson, N David Yanez, Bizu Gelaye and Annette L Fitzpatrick

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2009 9:66

    Content type: Research article

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  28. Kawasaki Syndrome (KS) is an uncommon childhood disease with unknown etiology. It has been suggested that rotavirus infection may play a causative role in the development of KS.

    Authors: Adam MacNeil, Robert C Holman, Krista L Yorita, Claudia A Steiner, Umesh D Parashar and Ermias D Belay

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2009 9:65

    Content type: Research article

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  29. Adequate nutrition is needed to ensure optimum growth and development of infants and young children. Understanding of the risk factors for stunting and severe stunting among children aged less than five years ...

    Authors: Ramli, Kingsley E Agho, Kerry J Inder, Steven J Bowe, Jennifer Jacobs and Michael J Dibley

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2009 9:64

    Content type: Research article

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  30. Pregnancies complicated by abnormal umbilical artery Doppler blood flow patterns often result in the baby being born both preterm and growth-restricted. These babies are at high risk of milk intolerance and ne...

    Authors: Alison Leaf, Jon Dorling, Steve Kempley, Kenny McCormick, Paul Mannix and Peter Brocklehurst

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2009 9:63

    Content type: Study protocol

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  31. Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) is a strategy to reduce mortality and morbidity in children under-5 years by improving management of common illnesses at primary level. IMCI has been shown to ...

    Authors: Christiane Horwood, Anna Voce, Kerry Vermaak, Nigel Rollins and Shamim Qazi

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2009 9:62

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  32. the improved general therapy has led to reduced morbidity and mortality from Cystic Fibrosis (CF), and bone status may have a potentially greater clinical impact.

    Authors: Vincenzina Lucidi, Carla Bizzarri, Federico Alghisi, Sergio Bella, Beatrice Russo, Graziamaria Ubertini and Marco Cappa

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2009 9:61

    Content type: Research article

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  34. Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) is a WHO/UNICEF strategy to improve child survival in resource poor settings. South Africa adopted IMCI in 1997, and IMCI guidelines were adapted to include id...

    Authors: Christiane Horwood, Kerry Vermaak, Nigel Rollins, Lyn Haskins, Phumla Nkosi and Shamim Qazi

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2009 9:59

    Content type: Research article

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  35. Many factors act simultaneously in childhood to influence health status, life chances and well being, including pre-birth influences, the environmental pollutants of early life, health status but also the soci...

    Authors: Stéphanie Vandentorren, Corinne Bois, Claudine Pirus, Hélène Sarter, Georges Salines and Henri Leridon

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2009 9:58

    Content type: Study protocol

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  36. This trial aims to evaluate effective delivery and cost effectiveness of an innovative structured psycho-educational programme (CASCADE) for young people and their families living with diabetes. The increase i...

    Authors: Deborah Christie, Vicki Strange, Elizabeth Allen, Sandy Oliver, Ian Chi Kei Wong, Felicity Smith, John Cairns, Rebecca Thompson, Peter Hindmarsh, Simon O'Neill, Christina Bull, Russell Viner and Diana Elbourne

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2009 9:57

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  37. Bronchiolitis is a distressing, potentially life-threatening respiratory condition that affects infants. We evaluated the incidence and risk factors of hospitalization for broncholitis in preterm infants (i.e....

    Authors: Patrizio Pezzotti, Jessica Mantovani, Nicoletta Benincori, Eleonora Mucchino and Domenico Di Lallo

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2009 9:56

    Content type: Research article

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  38. Quality of life is recognized as an important additional outcome measure in clinical trials and health economic evaluations. The EQ-5D is an important generic health outcome instrument often used for economic ...

    Authors: Daniela Eidt-Koch, Thomas Mittendorf and Wolfgang Greiner

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2009 9:55

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  39. Although HIV program evaluations focusing on mortality on ART provide important evidence on treatment effectiveness, they do not asses overall HIV program performance because they exclude patients who are elig...

    Authors: Marie-Eve Raguenaud, Petros Isaakidis, Rony Zachariah, Vantha Te, Seithabot Soeung, Kazumi Akao and Varun Kumar

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2009 9:54

    Content type: Research article

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  40. Disparities in child health outcomes persist despite advances in medical technology and increased global wealth. The social determinants of health approach is useful in explaining the disparities in health. Ou...

    Authors: Charlemaigne C Victorino and Anne H Gauthier

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2009 9:53

    Content type: Research article

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  41. After the introduction of the seven valent-pneumococcal conjugated vaccine into our National Immunization Program, it is important to establish and track local serotype distribution in order to evaluate its im...

    Authors: Arturo Abdelnour, Carolina Soley, Silvia Guevara, Nurith Porat, Ron Dagan and Adriano Arguedas

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2009 9:52

    Content type: Research article

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  42. Blood transfusion (BT) can be lifesaving for children; however, monitoring the quality of BT is important. The current study describes the quality of paediatric BT delivered in two district hospitals in north-...

    Authors: Dominic Mosha, Anja Poulsen, Hugh Reyburn, Elimsaada Kituma, Frank Mtei and Ib C Bygbjerg

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2009 9:51

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  44. Reference values for hematological and biochemical assays in pregnant women and in newborn infants are based primarily on Caucasian populations. Normative data are limited for populations in sub-Saharan Africa...

    Authors: Kasonde Mwinga, Sten H Vermund, Ying Q Chen, Anthony Mwatha, Jennifer S Read, Willy Urassa, Nicole Carpenetti, Megan Valentine and Robert L Goldenberg

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2009 9:49

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  45. The purpose of this study is to identify factors affecting CSHCN's receiving needed specialty care among different socioeconomic levels. Previous literature has shown that Socioeconomic Status (SES) is a signi...

    Authors: Kristine A Lykens, Kimberly G Fulda, Sejong Bae and Karan P Singh

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2009 9:48

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  46. Osteopenia and rickets are common among extremely low birth weight infants (ELBW, <1000 g birth weight) despite current practices of vitamin and mineral supplementation. Few data are available evaluating the u...

    Authors: Shannon M Mitchell, Stefanie P Rogers, Penni D Hicks, Keli M Hawthorne, Bruce R Parker and Steven A Abrams

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2009 9:47

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  47. Anxious parents have many concerns about the future health of their atopic infants. Paediatricians and primary care practitioners need to seek knowledge on long-term outcomes in order to cope with the increasi...

    Authors: Minna Kaila, Päivi Rautava, Doris Holmberg-Marttila, Tero Vahlberg, Minna Aromaa and Matti Sillanpää

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2009 9:46

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  48. Ensuring good adherence is critical to the success of anti-retroviral treatment (ART). However, in resource-poor contexts, where paediatric HIV burden is high there has been limited progress in developing or a...

    Authors: Ralf Weigel, Ireen Makwiza, Jean Nyirenda, Darles Chiunguzeni, Sam Phiri and Sally Theobald

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2009 9:45

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  49. To assess the role of the surged faradic stimulation to the pelvic floor muscles as an adjunct to the conservative management in the children of idiopathic rectal prolapse

    Authors: Simmi K Ratan, Kamal Nain Rattan, Poonam Jhajhria, Yogesh Parshad Mathur, Atul Jhanwar and Dimple Kondal

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2009 9:44

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  50. To assess the long-term pediatric safety of 2 doses of mometasone furoate administered via a dry powder inhaler (MF-DPI) for mild-to-moderate persistent asthma and compare them with that of beclomethasone dipr...

    Authors: Michael Noonan, Jeffrey Leflein, Jonathan Corren and Heribert Staudinger

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2009 9:43

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

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