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Infection

This section considers studies regarding the epidemiology, pathology, prevention, and control of infectious diseases in children and adolescents.

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  1. Bacterial meningitis (BM) is a serious, life-threatening infectious disease of the central nervous system that often occurs in young children. The most common severe to moderate sequelae following BM are senso...

    Authors: O. El Tahir, R. C. J. de Jonge, S. Ouburg, S. A. Morré and A. M. van Furth

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:519

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  2. Helicobacter pylori infection is known to alter growth-related hormones and affect growth in young children. However, it is still unknown whether maternal H. pylori infection has an impact on the levels of cord b...

    Authors: Fu-Ping Lai, Yi-Fang Tu, Bor-Shyang Sheu and Yao-Jong Yang

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:501

    Content type: Research article

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  3. Globally pneumonia is the leading cause of under-five child mortality. Several risk factors for pneumonia mortality have been identified, including delay in seeking health care. For successful reduction of del...

    Authors: Getasew Mulat Bantie, Zemene Meseret, Melkamu Bedimo and Abebayehu Bitew

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:482

    Content type: Research article

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  4. Passive transferred antibodies to the fetus play an essential role on protecting neonates and young infants until infant vaccination is more efficacious. However, very little is known about the discrepancy of ...

    Authors: Qinghong Meng, Qinghui Qian, Li Li, Dandan Liu, Wei Gao, Lin Yuan and Kaihu Yao

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:480

    Content type: Research article

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  5. The global burden of seasonal influenza on medical care has been one of the greatest in the pediatric population. The attention drawn to influenza B was relatively low compared to influenza A, probably because...

    Authors: Yu Na Oh, San Kim, Young Bae Choi, Sung Il Woo, Youn-Soo Hahn and Joon Kee Lee

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:472

    Content type: Research article

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  6. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequently identified pathogen in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection. Fatal cases have mainly been reported during the first 6 months of life or...

    Authors: A. Gavotto, A. Ousselin, O. Pidoux, P. Cathala, V. Costes-Martineau, B. Rivière, J. L. Pasquié, P. Amedro, C. Rambaud and G. Cambonie

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:462

    Content type: Case report

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  8. There are scant data on the prevalence and clinical course of pertussis disease among infants with pneumonia in low- and middle-income countries. While pertussis vaccination coverage is high (≥90%) among infan...

    Authors: Bahaa Abu-Raya, David M. Goldfarb, Marek Smieja, Kathy Luinstra, Melissa Richard-Greenblatt, Andrew P. Steenhoff, Kristen A. Feemster, Tonya Arscott-Mills, Coleen K. Cunningham, Samir S. Shah, Mohamed Zaakir Patel, Matthew S. Kelly and Manish Sadarangani

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:444

    Content type: Research article

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  9. Intestinal parasitic infestations triggered considerable gastrointestinal morbidity, malnutrition, and mortality worldwide. In particular, young children in developing countries affected most. Helminthiasis in...

    Authors: Mesfin Wudu Kassaw, Ayele Mamo Abebe, Kenean Getaneh Tlaye, Alemu Birara Zemariam and Biruk Beletew Abate

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:437

    Content type: Research article

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  10. Unnecessary antibiotic prescription to patients with upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) has led to the increase in antibiotics resistant bacteria rates. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic accur...

    Authors: Seyed Ali Safizadeh Shabestari, Zainab A. Malik and Fadil Y. A. Al-Najjar

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:429

    Content type: Research article

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  12. The use of oral (PO) antibiotics following a course of certain intravenous (IV) antibiotics is proposed in order to avoid the complications of IV medications and to decrease the cost. However, the efficacy and...

    Authors: Chuan Wang, Yanan Li and Yi Ji

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:407

    Content type: Research article

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  13. Otitis Media (OM) is the most common disease of childhood. Twenty thousand people die each year from otitis media. It is an important cause of preventable hearing loss, affects children's intellectual performa...

    Authors: Bereket Tadesse, Techalew Shimelis and Mesfin Worku

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:398

    Content type: Research article

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  14. The global HIV burden among adolescents ages 10–19 is growing. This population concurrently confronts the multifaceted challenges of adolescence and living with HIV. With the goal of informing future intervent...

    Authors: Carly A. Rodriguez, Emiliano Valle, Jerome Galea, Milagros Wong, Lenka Kolevic, Maribel Muñoz, Leonid Lecca and Molly F. Franke

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:396

    Content type: Research article

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  15. An increased number of congenital Zika virus infections with neurological and musculoskeletal malformations have been diagnosed worldwide, however, there are still several gaps in the knowledge about this infe...

    Authors: Cláudia de Paula Guimarães, Myrella Silveira Macedo, Maria Alves Barbosa, Solomar Martins Marques, Paulo Sucasas Costa and Ênio Chaves de Oliveira

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:389

    Content type: Research article

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  16. Intestinal parasitic infection is diversified illness and diseases caused millions morbidity among under-five children lives in developing countries particularly vulnerable rural communities. Deworming coverag...

    Authors: Eshetu Gadisa and Kefiyalew Jote

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:385

    Content type: Research article

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  17. No reliable and comprehensive study has been published on the incidence and epidemiological profile of meningitis in Iran from 2008 to 2014, before pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) and pentavalent vaccine ...

    Authors: Zeinab Berangi, Manoochehr Karami, Younes Mohammadi, Milad Nazarzadeh, Seyed Mohsen Zahraei, Hamidreza Javidrad and Saber Heidari

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:370

    Content type: Research article

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  18. The endemicity of hepatitis B virus (HBV) prompted the systematic immunization of newborns in Cameroon since 2005. In the frame of a considerable burden of HIV/HBV co-infection (17.5%), monitoring HBV among ch...

    Authors: Fokam Joseph, Kamga Wouambo Rodrigue, Tchatchouang Serges, Nguwoh Philippe Salomon, Taheu Ngounouh Christian, Tommo Tchouaket Michel Carlos, Fosso Samuel, Njom-Nlend Anne-Esther, Vittorio Colizzi and Nkenfou Nguefeu Celine

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:366

    Content type: Research article

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  19. The symptoms of meningitis which include fever, headache, photophobia and irritability along with abducens nerve palsy pose a diagnostic dilemma requiring urgent attention. Here we report how such a dilemma wa...

    Authors: A. S. Athapathu, E. R. S. Bandara, A. A. H. S. Aruppala, K. M. A. U. Chandrapala and Sachith Mettananda

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:350

    Content type: Case report

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  20. Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in children. Viruses are the main etiological agents, and their behavior tends to be seasonal and vary by geographical ...

    Authors: Obando Evelyn, Fernández-Sarmiento Jaime, Montoya David, Acevedo Lorena, Arroyave Jenifer and Gamboa Oscar

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:345

    Content type: Research article

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  21. We aimed to study the prevalence of enterovirus (EV) meningitis without the presence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis and identify patient factors and clinical features associated with it.

    Authors: Yura Ko, Woochan Jeon, Minjung Kathy Chae, Heewon Yang and Jisook Lee

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:335

    Content type: Research article

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  23. The study objective was to determine the carriage and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae among children in Accra, Ghana, five years after the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV...

    Authors: Nicholas T. K. D. Dayie, Elizabeth Y. Tettey, Mercy J. Newman, Elizabeth Bannerman, Eric S. Donkor, Appiah-Korang Labi and Hans-Christian Slotved

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:316

    Content type: Research article

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  24. Palivizumab prophylaxis for the human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) has been reported to reduce the risk of hospital admissions related to HRSV in children with congenital heart disease (CHD). These child...

    Authors: Roseane Porfírio de Souza, Andre Luis Ribeiro Ribeiro, Sílvio Augusto Fernandes de Menezes and Luiz Fernando Almeida Machado

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:299

    Content type: Research article

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  26. Cytomegalovirus [CMV] is a causative agent of congenital infection worldwide and often leads to neurological deficits and hearing loss in newborns. Infants born with symptomatic congenital Cytomegalovirus infe...

    Authors: Agniswar Sarkar, Dipanwita Das, Sabbir Ansari, Rajendra Prasad Chatterjee, Lopamudra Mishra, Biswanath Basu, Sanat Kumar Ghosh, Mala Bhattacharyay and Nilanjan Chakraborty

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:291

    Content type: Research article

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  27. Antiretroviral treatment (ART) has been shown to have a beneficial effect on the weight evolution but its effect on height remains unclear. We described patterns of height evolution and identified predictors o...

    Authors: Patrinee Traisathit, Saïk Urien, Sophie Le Coeur, Sakulrat Srirojana, Noppadon Akarathum, Suparat Kanjanavanit, Chaiwat Ngampiyaskul, Sawitree Krikajornkitti, Nicole Ngo-Giang-Huong, Marc Lallemant and Gonzague Jourdain

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:287

    Content type: Research article

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  28. Community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections (CA-LRTIs) are the primary cause of hospitalization among children globally. A better understanding of the role of atypical pathogen infections in native c...

    Authors: Ai Chen, Liyao Song, Zhi Chen, Xiaomei Luo, Qing Jiang, Zhan Yang, Liangcai Hu, Jinhua He, Lifang Zhou and Hai Yu

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:280

    Content type: Research article

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  30. Reactivation of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), manifesting as erythema, induration, ulceration or crust formation at a previous BCG inoculation site, is a common and highly specific feature of Kawasaki di...

    Authors: Sobana Muthuvelu, Kev Shiau-Chong Lim, Ling-Yin Huang, Shi-Tying Chin and Anand Mohan

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:251

    Content type: Case report

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  31. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules play a key role in the cellular immune system. They may be determinants of mother-to-child transmission which is the driving force in pediatric HIV infection. We intende...

    Authors: Linda Mouafo Mekue, Céline Nguefeu Nkenfou, Elvis Ndukong, Leaticia Yatchou, Beatrice Dambaya, Marie-Nicole Ngoufack, Joel Kadji Kameni, Jules-roger Kuiaté and Alexis Ndjolo

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:249

    Content type: Research article

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  32. In the pediatric population, infections by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are associated with significant morbidity and hospital costs. Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic, widely used for...

    Authors: Talita Muniz Maloni, Talita Rantin Belucci, Sandra Regina Malagutti and Guilherme Henrique Campos Furtado

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:240

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  33. The diagnosis of pertussis in clinical practice continues to be a challenge worldwide as the symptoms are variable. We aimed to determine the prevalence of pertussis in Chinese children irrespective of cough d...

    Authors: Dan-Xia Wu, Qiang Chen, Kai-Hu Yao, Lan Li, Wei Shi, Jiang-Wei Ke, Ai-Min Wu, Peng Huang and Kun-Ling Shen

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:236

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  34. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) alone has nine out of every 10 children living with HIV globally and monitoring in this setting remains suboptimal, even as these children grow older. With scalability of antiretrovira...

    Authors: Joseph Fokam, Maria Mercedes Santoro, Desire Takou, Anne-Esther Njom-Nlend, Paul Koki Ndombo, Nelly Kamgaing, Cedric Kamta, Andre Essiane, Samuel Martin Sosso, Alexis Ndjolo, Vittorio Colizzi and Carlo-Federico Perno

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:226

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  35. Serious bacterial infections (SBI) are a significant cause of mortality worldwide. Parental concern and clinician’s gut feeling that there is something wrong has been associated with increased likelihood of de...

    Authors: Urzula Nora Urbane, Dita Gaidule-Logina, Dace Gardovska and Jana Pavare

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:219

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  36. Culture tests have demonstrated that once-daily administration of amoxicillin may be effective in the treatment of group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. However, culture methods do not allow accurate assess...

    Authors: Akihiro Nakao, Ken Hisata, Makoto Fujimori, Nobuaki Matsunaga, Mitsutaka Komatsu and Toshiaki Shimizu

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:205

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  37. Noma is a rare disease, which is characterized by rapid progression and a high rate of mortality; however, relatively few cases of noma infection accompanied by septic shock in children have been described. Fu...

    Authors: Lili Xu, Wanrui Wei, Xiaohua Ge, Sibei Wan, Jing Yu and Xiaodong Zhu

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:200

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  38. Rotavirus antigenemia and RNAemia (the presence of rotavirus RNA in serum) have been commonly identified among paediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis. In this study we examined the association between ...

    Authors: Maria Cleonice A. Justino, Erika A. Campos, Joana D’arc P. Mascarenhas, Luana S. Soares, Sylvia de Fátima S. Guerra, Ismari P. Furlaneto, Manoel Jaime C. Pavão Jr, Tassio S. Maciel, Fredison P. Farias, Orvácio M. Bezerra, Caio Breno G. Vinente, Rodrigo José S. Barros and Alexandre C. Linhares

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:193

    Content type: Research article

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  39. Invasive S. pyogenes diseases are uncommon, serious infections with high case fatality rates (CFR). There are few publications on this subject in the field of pediatrics. This study aimed at characterizing clinic...

    Authors: Chun-Zhen Hua, Hui Yu, Hong-Mei Xu, Lin-Hai Yang, Ai-Wei Lin, Qin Lyu, Hong-Ping Lu, Zhi-Wei Xu, Wei Gao, Xue-jun Chen, Chuan-Qing Wang and Chun-mei Jing

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:181

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  40. Despite growing interest in universal screening for congenital CMV infection (cCMV), and data to support treatment for cases with central nervous system (CNS) involvement, there is limited regarding the optima...

    Authors: Mina Smiljkovic, Christian Renaud, Bruce Tapiero, Valérie Lamarre and Fatima Kakkar

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:180

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  42. Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a major cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality around the world. It remains a frequent reason for infection-related admissions to emergency units among all age groups. Follow...

    Authors: Ali Salami, Hadi Fakih, Mohamed Chakkour, Lamis Salloum, Hisham F. Bahmad and Ghassan Ghssein

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:137

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  43. Bacterial ventriculitis is a common complication in children with temporary external ventricular drains (EVD) and the diagnosis is challenging. The present study compared the diagnostic accuracy of novel cereb...

    Authors: Mojca Groselj-Grenc, Metka Derganc, Andreja Natasa Kopitar and Maja Pavcnik

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:132

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  44. Paediatric focal intracranial suppurative infections are uncommon but cause significant mortality and morbidity. There are no uniform guidelines regarding antibiotic treatment. This study reviewed management i...

    Authors: Fabian J. S. van der Velden, Alexandra Battersby, Lucia Pareja-Cebrian, Nicholas Ross, Stephen L. Ball and Marieke Emonts

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:130

    Content type: Research article

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  46. In Kawasaki disease (KD), a vasculitis of unknown etiology, the most serious complication is the development of coronary artery aneurysm (CAA). To date, the exact pathomechanism of KD is unknown. Both environm...

    Authors: K. Meyer, A. Volkmann, M. Hufnagel, E. Schachinger, S. Klau, J. Horstmann, R. Berner, M. Fischer, A. Lehner, N. Haas, S. Ulrich and A. Jakob

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:66

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  48. Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is an acute viral infection occurring mostly in infants and children. Enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection mostly occurs in children < 5 years of age. Severe cases, however, are...

    Authors: Ying-Fu Chen, Lan Hu, Feng Xu, Cheng-jun Liu and Jing Li

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:59

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  49. A new formulation of the live-attenuated varicella vaccine Varilrix (GSK) produced without human serum albumin (HSA) was developed to minimize a theoretical risk of transmission of infectious diseases. A previous...

    Authors: Saul N. Faust, Maguelone Le Roy, Chitsanu Pancharoen, Miguel Angel Rodriguez Weber, Katrina Cathie, Ulrich Behre, Jolanta Bernatoniene, Matthew D. Snape, Klaus Helm, Carlos Eduardo Medina Pech, Ouzama Henry, Carmen Baccarini, Michael Povey and Paul Gillard

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:50

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  50. The early recognition of meningococcal disease in children is vital. During the prodrome however, meningococcal infection presents similarly to many self-limiting viral infections. This mandates a cautious app...

    Authors: Thomas Waterfield, Derek Fairley, Bronagh Blackwood, James McKenna and Michael D. Shields

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:49

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

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