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Infection

This section considers studies regarding the epidemiology, pathology, prevention, and control of infectious diseases in children and adolescents.

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  1. Neurological complications due to reactivation of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) are very uncommon in immunocompetent patients. Generally a vesicular rash is present on one or more dermatomes, preceding or follo...

    Authors: Silvia Ciancia, Antonella Crisafi, Ilaria Fontana, Alessandro De Fanti, Sergio Amarri and Lorenzo Iughetti

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:348

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  2. Dried blood spots (DBS) have been proposed as potentially tool for detecting invasive bacterial diseases.

    Authors: Fabiana C. Pimenta, Benild Moiane, Fernanda C. Lessa, Anne-Kathryn L. Venero, Iaci Moura, Shanda Larson, Sergio Massora, Alberto Chaúque, Nelson Tembe, Helio Mucavele, Jennifer R. Verani, Cynthia G. Whitney, Betuel Sigaúque and Maria G. S. Carvalho

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:326

    Content type: Research article

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  3. Persistent and chronic diarrhea is difficult to treat, and infection is still the main cause. In this study, we investigate the application value of xTAG gastrointestinal pathogen panel (xTAG GPP) multiplex PC...

    Authors: Chunli Wang, Xiaoying Zhou, Mengshu Zhu, Hanjun Yin, Jiamei Tang, Yan Huang, Bixia Zheng, Yu Jin and Zhifeng Liu

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:309

    Content type: Research article

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  5. Histoplasmosis is a rare infectious condition with mainly pulmonary involvement. Disseminated histoplasmosis may occur in immunocompromised condition. It can present in different ways but jaundice and ascites ...

    Authors: Luthfun Nahar, Md Benzamin, Naznin Sarkar, Urmi Roy, Kamrun Nahar, Md Rukunuzzaman, Khan Lamia Nahid, A. S. M. Bazlul Karim and Bishnu Pada Dey

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:284

    Content type: Case report

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  7. Pneumonia is defined as an acute inflammation of the Lungs’ parenchymal structure. It is a major public health problem and the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in under-five children especially in deve...

    Authors: Biruk Beletew, Melaku Bimerew, Ayelign Mengesha, Mesfin Wudu and Molla Azmeraw

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:254

    Content type: Research article

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  8. The relative contribution of viruses to central nervous system (CNS) infections in young infants is not clear. For viral CNS infections, there are limited data on features that suggest HSV etiology or on predi...

    Authors: Dara Petel, Michelle Barton, Christian Renaud, Lynda Ouchenir, Jason Brophy, Jennifer Bowes, Sarah Khan, Ari Bitnun, Jane McDonald, Andrée-Anne Boisvert, Joseph Ting, Ashley Roberts and Joan L. Robinson

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:252

    Content type: Research article

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  9. Recently, the World Health Organization has declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak a public health emergency of international concern. So far, however, limited data are available for childre...

    Authors: Yang Li, Jianghui Cao, Xiaolong Zhang, Guangzhi Liu, Xiaxia Wu and Baolin Wu

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:227

    Content type: Research article

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  10. Maternal antibodies are key components of the protective responses of infants who are unable to produce their own IgG until 6 months of life. There is evidence that HIV-exposed uninfected children (HEU) have I...

    Authors: Silvia Baroncelli, Clementina Maria Galluzzo, Giuseppe Liotta, Mauro Andreotti, Stefano Orlando, Fausto Ciccacci, Haswell Jere, Richard Luhanga, Jean Baptiste Sagno, Roberta Amici, Maria Cristina Marazzi and Marina Giuliano

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:181

    Content type: Research article

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  11. Diagnostic evaluation of febrile young infants is challenging. Empirical antimicrobial treatment is therefore common practice in this setting despite high percentage of causative viral infections. The objectiv...

    Authors: Paolo Paioni, Florence Barbey, Christa Relly, Patrick Meyer Sauteur and Christoph Berger

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:166

    Content type: Research article

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  12. Group B streptococcus (GBS)-induced invasive disease is a major cause of illness and death among infants aged under 90 days in China; however, invasive GBS infection remains unknown in China. We aimed to describe...

    Authors: Yao Zhu, Jiayin Wu, Xinyi Zheng, Dengli Liu, Liping Xu, Dongmei Chen, Wenying Qiu, Zhongling Huang, Ronghua Zhong, Ling Chen, Mingyuan He, Simin Ma, Yayin Lin, Xinzhu Lin and Chao Chen

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:146

    Content type: Research article

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  13. Interleukin (IL)-6 plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA). Tocilizumab (TCZ), a kind of biological agent against both membrane and soluble IL-6 receptor, i...

    Authors: Meng Xu, Congcong Liu, Lishuang Guo and Sirui Yang

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:126

    Content type: Case report

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  14. It is not yet known how antibiotics may affect Serious Bacterial Infections (SBI). Our aim is to describe the presentation, management, and serious bacterial infections (SBI) of febrile children on or off anti...

    Authors: R. D. Sawaya, T. El Zahran, S. Mrad, C. Abdul Massih, S. Shaya, M. Makki, H. Tamim and M. Majdalani

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:117

    Content type: Research article

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  15. Respiratory infections are one of three leading causes of childhood mortality, and worldwide increase and recent plateau in childhood asthma has been reported. However, data on trends of respiratory diseases o...

    Authors: Peng Shi, Xiaobo Zhang, Lijuan Liu, Liangfeng Tang, Jing Li, Libo Wang, Albert M. Li, Yang Cao, Hong Xu and Guoying Huang

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:115

    Content type: Research article

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  16. Abacavir (ABC) and Zidovudine (AZT) based regimens are the preferred first line nucleoside reverse transcriptase (NRTIs) backbones being widely utilized for managing HIV infection in children. However, there i...

    Authors: Teshale Ayele Mega, Firehiwot Belayneh Usamo and Getandale Zeleke Negera

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:99

    Content type: Research article

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  18. Acute respiratory infection is manifested by cough accompanied by short rapid breathing which may be associated with death especially when there are other co-morbidities. From an estimated 5.4 million children...

    Authors: Henok Dagne, Zewudu Andualem, Baye Dagnew and Asefa Adimasu Taddese

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:93

    Content type: Research article

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  19. Diarrhea, particularly of enteric bacterial pathogen, remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia. Despite the high prevalence of diarrheal disease among under-five children, antibiotic resist...

    Authors: Wagi Tosisa, Adane Mihret, Asnake Ararsa, Tadesse Eguale and Tamrat Abebe

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:91

    Content type: Research article

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  20. Diarrhoea, although easily curable, is a global cause of death for a half million children every year. Rotavirus and Campylobacter are the most common etiological agents of diarrhoea in children less than 5 years...

    Authors: Vishnu Bhattarai, Saroj Sharma, Komal Raj Rijal and Megha Raj Banjara

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:68

    Content type: Research article

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  22. Prompt initiation of empiric therapy is common practice in case of suspected meningitis or encephalitis. However, in children the most common pathogens are viruses that usually do not require and are not cover...

    Authors: Alexandra Hagen, Anna Eichinger, Melanie Meyer-Buehn, Tilmann Schober and Johannes Huebner

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:56

    Content type: Research article

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  23. The peritonitis rate among children treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD) has not been widely reported in Saudi Arabia. The study aim was to estimate the peritonitis rate per patient-year and investigate the f...

    Authors: Khamisa Al Mokali, Zahra Al Sannaa, Faten Al Mutairi and Anwar E. Ahmed

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:42

    Content type: Research article

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  24. Fever in childhood is a common acute presentation requiring clinical triage to identify the few children who have serious underlying infection. Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) have been developed to assist...

    Authors: Joanna Holt, Leslie White, Gavin R. Wheaton, Helena Williams, Shefali Jani, Gaston Arnolda, Hsuen P. Ting, Peter D. Hibbert and Jeffrey Braithwaite

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:16

    Content type: Research article

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  25. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an infrequent but life-threatening disease due to excessive immune activation. Secondary HLH can be triggered by infections, autoimmune diseases, and malignant disea...

    Authors: Mitsuru Tsuge, Machiko Miyamoto, Reiji Miyawaki, Yoichi Kondo and Hirokazu Tsukahara

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:15

    Content type: Case report

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  26. Measles is a recurrent health problem in both advanced and developed countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends anti-measles immunoglobulin M (Ig M) as the standard method of detecting the virus...

    Authors: Dominicus Husada, Kusdwijono, Dwiyanti Puspitasari, Leny Kartina, Parwati Setiono Basuki and Ismoedijanto

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2020 20:5

    Content type: Research article

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  27. Bacterial meningitis (BM) is a serious, life-threatening infectious disease of the central nervous system that often occurs in young children. The most common severe to moderate sequelae following BM are senso...

    Authors: O. El Tahir, R. C. J. de Jonge, S. Ouburg, S. A. Morré and A. M. van Furth

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:519

    Content type: Study protocol

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  28. Helicobacter pylori infection is known to alter growth-related hormones and affect growth in young children. However, it is still unknown whether maternal H. pylori infection has an impact on the levels of cord b...

    Authors: Fu-Ping Lai, Yi-Fang Tu, Bor-Shyang Sheu and Yao-Jong Yang

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:501

    Content type: Research article

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  29. Globally pneumonia is the leading cause of under-five child mortality. Several risk factors for pneumonia mortality have been identified, including delay in seeking health care. For successful reduction of del...

    Authors: Getasew Mulat Bantie, Zemene Meseret, Melkamu Bedimo and Abebayehu Bitew

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:482

    Content type: Research article

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  30. Passive transferred antibodies to the fetus play an essential role on protecting neonates and young infants until infant vaccination is more efficacious. However, very little is known about the discrepancy of ...

    Authors: Qinghong Meng, Qinghui Qian, Li Li, Dandan Liu, Wei Gao, Lin Yuan and Kaihu Yao

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:480

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  31. The global burden of seasonal influenza on medical care has been one of the greatest in the pediatric population. The attention drawn to influenza B was relatively low compared to influenza A, probably because...

    Authors: Yu Na Oh, San Kim, Young Bae Choi, Sung Il Woo, Youn-Soo Hahn and Joon Kee Lee

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:472

    Content type: Research article

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  32. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequently identified pathogen in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection. Fatal cases have mainly been reported during the first 6 months of life or...

    Authors: A. Gavotto, A. Ousselin, O. Pidoux, P. Cathala, V. Costes-Martineau, B. Rivière, J. L. Pasquié, P. Amedro, C. Rambaud and G. Cambonie

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:462

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  34. There are scant data on the prevalence and clinical course of pertussis disease among infants with pneumonia in low- and middle-income countries. While pertussis vaccination coverage is high (≥90%) among infan...

    Authors: Bahaa Abu-Raya, David M. Goldfarb, Marek Smieja, Kathy Luinstra, Melissa Richard-Greenblatt, Andrew P. Steenhoff, Kristen A. Feemster, Tonya Arscott-Mills, Coleen K. Cunningham, Samir S. Shah, Mohamed Zaakir Patel, Matthew S. Kelly and Manish Sadarangani

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:444

    Content type: Research article

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  35. Intestinal parasitic infestations triggered considerable gastrointestinal morbidity, malnutrition, and mortality worldwide. In particular, young children in developing countries affected most. Helminthiasis in...

    Authors: Mesfin Wudu Kassaw, Ayele Mamo Abebe, Kenean Getaneh Tlaye, Alemu Birara Zemariam and Biruk Beletew Abate

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:437

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  36. Unnecessary antibiotic prescription to patients with upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) has led to the increase in antibiotics resistant bacteria rates. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic accur...

    Authors: Seyed Ali Safizadeh Shabestari, Zainab A. Malik and Fadil Y. A. Al-Najjar

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:429

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  38. The use of oral (PO) antibiotics following a course of certain intravenous (IV) antibiotics is proposed in order to avoid the complications of IV medications and to decrease the cost. However, the efficacy and...

    Authors: Chuan Wang, Yanan Li and Yi Ji

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:407

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  39. Otitis Media (OM) is the most common disease of childhood. Twenty thousand people die each year from otitis media. It is an important cause of preventable hearing loss, affects children's intellectual performa...

    Authors: Bereket Tadesse, Techalew Shimelis and Mesfin Worku

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:398

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  40. The global HIV burden among adolescents ages 10–19 is growing. This population concurrently confronts the multifaceted challenges of adolescence and living with HIV. With the goal of informing future intervent...

    Authors: Carly A. Rodriguez, Emiliano Valle, Jerome Galea, Milagros Wong, Lenka Kolevic, Maribel Muñoz, Leonid Lecca and Molly F. Franke

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:396

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  41. An increased number of congenital Zika virus infections with neurological and musculoskeletal malformations have been diagnosed worldwide, however, there are still several gaps in the knowledge about this infe...

    Authors: Cláudia de Paula Guimarães, Myrella Silveira Macedo, Maria Alves Barbosa, Solomar Martins Marques, Paulo Sucasas Costa and Ênio Chaves de Oliveira

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:389

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  42. Intestinal parasitic infection is diversified illness and diseases caused millions morbidity among under-five children lives in developing countries particularly vulnerable rural communities. Deworming coverag...

    Authors: Eshetu Gadisa and Kefiyalew Jote

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:385

    Content type: Research article

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  43. No reliable and comprehensive study has been published on the incidence and epidemiological profile of meningitis in Iran from 2008 to 2014, before pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) and pentavalent vaccine ...

    Authors: Zeinab Berangi, Manoochehr Karami, Younes Mohammadi, Milad Nazarzadeh, Seyed Mohsen Zahraei, Hamidreza Javidrad and Saber Heidari

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:370

    Content type: Research article

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  44. The endemicity of hepatitis B virus (HBV) prompted the systematic immunization of newborns in Cameroon since 2005. In the frame of a considerable burden of HIV/HBV co-infection (17.5%), monitoring HBV among ch...

    Authors: Fokam Joseph, Kamga Wouambo Rodrigue, Tchatchouang Serges, Nguwoh Philippe Salomon, Taheu Ngounouh Christian, Tommo Tchouaket Michel Carlos, Fosso Samuel, Njom-Nlend Anne-Esther, Vittorio Colizzi and Nkenfou Nguefeu Celine

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:366

    Content type: Research article

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  45. The symptoms of meningitis which include fever, headache, photophobia and irritability along with abducens nerve palsy pose a diagnostic dilemma requiring urgent attention. Here we report how such a dilemma wa...

    Authors: A. S. Athapathu, E. R. S. Bandara, A. A. H. S. Aruppala, K. M. A. U. Chandrapala and Sachith Mettananda

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:350

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  46. Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in children. Viruses are the main etiological agents, and their behavior tends to be seasonal and vary by geographical ...

    Authors: Obando Evelyn, Fernández-Sarmiento Jaime, Montoya David, Acevedo Lorena, Arroyave Jenifer and Gamboa Oscar

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:345

    Content type: Research article

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  47. We aimed to study the prevalence of enterovirus (EV) meningitis without the presence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis and identify patient factors and clinical features associated with it.

    Authors: Yura Ko, Woochan Jeon, Minjung Kathy Chae, Heewon Yang and Jisook Lee

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:335

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  49. The study objective was to determine the carriage and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae among children in Accra, Ghana, five years after the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV...

    Authors: Nicholas T. K. D. Dayie, Elizabeth Y. Tettey, Mercy J. Newman, Elizabeth Bannerman, Eric S. Donkor, Appiah-Korang Labi and Hans-Christian Slotved

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:316

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  50. Palivizumab prophylaxis for the human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) has been reported to reduce the risk of hospital admissions related to HRSV in children with congenital heart disease (CHD). These child...

    Authors: Roseane Porfírio de Souza, Andre Luis Ribeiro Ribeiro, Sílvio Augusto Fernandes de Menezes and Luiz Fernando Almeida Machado

    Citation: BMC Pediatrics 2019 19:299

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

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