Table 1 Dermoscopic, reflectance confocal microscopic (RCM) and histopathological features of SCN and its differential diagnoses
Skin Disorders | Dermoscopy | RCM | Histopathology |
|---|---|---|---|
SCN | Closely grouped multiple yellowish-white clods surrounded by linear vessels* | Hyperrefractile material nets at the dermal-epidermal junction level and irregular hyperplasia of the epidermis* | Small amorphous basophilic deposits scattered throughout the papillary dermis with small numbers of lymphocytes, hyperkeratosis of the epidermis, a thickened stratum spinosum, and a downward-directed basal-layer expansion* |
Molluscum Contagiosum | A polylobular, white-yellow, amorphous structure in the center with a surrounding crown of vessels that do not cross the centers of the lobules [8] | A round, well-circumscribed lesion with central round cystic areas filled with brightly refractile material [9] | The characteristic molluscum bodies [9] |
Juvenile Xanthogranuloma | Setting sun appearance, clouds of paler yellow globules, linear and branched vessels, and whitish streaks [10] | Epidermal normal honeycomb pattern, dome-shaped lesion, dilated dermal papillae at dermal-epidermal junction filled with clusters of roundish, large, multinucleated, and hyperrefractile atypical cells corresponding to Touton cells [11] | Vacuolated cells, xanthomatized cells, spindle-shaped cells, and oncocytic cells The histiocytic infiltrations in the papillary dermis and the reticular dermis [10] |
Common Warts | Multiple densely packed papillae with a central red dot or loop, surrounded by a whitish halo; hemorrhages [12] | Elongated and enlarged dermal papillae containing dilated capillary vessels [6] | Elongated and enlarged dermal papillae containing dilated capillary vessels; koilocytes [6] |
Pilomatrixoma | White and/or yellow homogeneous areas shaped and distributed irregularly (corresponding histopathologically to calcification or keratin masses), white streaks, reddish homogeneous areas, hairpin vessels, and linear irregular vessels [13] | Not reported | Basaloid cells, calcification and ghost (phantom, shadow) cells [14] |
BCC (MAY) | multiple aggregated yellow-white globules [15] | A well-defined tumor with hyperreflective amorphous areas [15] | Tumor islands with palisading and clefting and calcium deposits [15] |
MICC | round white homogeneous lesions, central crusts [16] | Not reported | Basophilic materials in superficial dermis [16] |