Skip to main content

Table 5 Number of pulmonary hypertension medicinal therapies used and their side effects as reported by parents/caregivers of children living with pulmonary hypertension (n = 139)

From: Quantifying side effects and caregiver burdens of pediatric pulmonary hypertension therapies

 

Parenteral Prostacyclin

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors (PDE 5)

Endothelin Receptor Antagonists (ERAs)

Oral Prostacyclin Receptor Agonist

Inhaled Prostacyclin

Soluble Guanylate Cyclase

 

Treprostinil (Remodulin)

Tadalafil (Adcirca)

Sildenafil (Revatio)

Ambrisentan (Letairis)

Bosentan (Tracleer)

Macitentan (Opsumit)

Selexipag (Uptravi)

Treprostinil (Tyvaso)

Riociguat (Adempas)

Number of children taking Medication

43

70

49

56

19

12

26

2

2

Total # of Side Effects Reported

190

183

74

30

5

8

74

2

3

Average # of Side Effects per Child (mean, SD)

4.40 (2.44)

2.40 (1.20)

1.61 (0.86)

0.53 (0.90)

0.26 (0.56)

0.67 (1.50)

2.85 (2.13)

1.0 (0.0)

1.50 (0.71)

Parent/Guardian Reported ≥ 1 Side Effect

 Yes

42 (97.7%)

62 (88.6%)

36 (73.5%)

19 (33.9%)

4 (21.1%)

3 (25.0%)

21 (80.8%)

1 (50.0%)

1 (50.0%)

 No

1 (2.3%)

8 (11.4%)

13 (26.5%)

37 (66.1%)

15 (78.9%)

9 (75.0%)

5 (19.2%)

1 (50.0%)

1 (50.0%)

Side Effects Reported

 Flushing of the skin

31 (72.1%)

35 (50.0%)

26 (53.1%)

-

-

-

13 (50.0%)

1 (50.0%)

-

 Difficulty sleeping

2 (4.7%)

16 (22.9%)

8 (16.3%)

-

-

-

-

-

-

 Headache/Dizziness

11 (25.6%)

28 (40.0%)

6 (12.2%)

4 (7.1%)

1 (5.3%)

3 (25.0%)

12 (46.1%)

-

-

 Low blood pressure

1 (2.3%)

-

1 (2.0%)

-

-

-

1 (3.8%)

-

-

 Nasal congestion

-

37 (52.8%)

10 (20.4%)

-

-

-

-

-

-

 Nausea

-

24 (34.3%)

8 (16.3%)

-

-

-

12 (46.1%)

-

1 (50.0%)

 Diarrhea

15 (34.9%)

-

-

-

-

-

10 (38.5%)

-

1 (50.0%)

 Vomiting

1 (2.3%)

-

-

-

-

-

3 (11.5%)

-

-

 Heartburn

-

24 (34.3%)

8 (16.3%)

-

-

-

-

-

1 (50.0%)

 Nose bleeds

-

19 (27.1%)

7 (14.3%)

-

-

-

-

-

-

 Chest pain

-

-

-

7 (12.5%)

-

-

-

-

-

 Fever

4 (9.3%)

-

-

1 (1.8%)

-

-

-

-

-

 Irregular heart beat

-

-

-

1 (1.8%)

1 (5.3%)

-

-

-

-

 Itching

19 (44.2%)

-

-

3 (5.4%)

-

1 (8.3%)

-

-

-

 Joint/Muscle Pain

20 (46.5%)

-

-

10 (17.9%)

2 (10.5%)

2 (16.6%)

12 (46.1%)

-

-

 Sore throat

-

-

-

1 (1.8%)

-

1 (8.3%)

-

1 (50.0%)

-

 Swelling

27 (62.7%)

-

-

3 (5.4%)

1 (5.3%)

-

-

-

-

 Fainting

-

-

-

-

-

1 (8.3%)

-

-

-

 Fatigue

-

-

-

-

-

-

1 (3.8%)

-

-

 Jaw pain

-

-

-

-

-

-

3 (11.5%)

-

-

 Decreased Appetite

1 (2.3%)

-

-

-

-

-

5 (19.2%)

-

-

 Low red blood cell count

-

-

-

-

-

-

2 (7.7%)

-

-

 Rash

16 (37.2%)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 Scars

1 (2.3%)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 Tenderness around infusion site

41 (95.3%)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-