From: Quantifying side effects and caregiver burdens of pediatric pulmonary hypertension therapies
Parenteral Prostacyclin | Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors (PDE 5) | Endothelin Receptor Antagonists (ERAs) | Oral Prostacyclin Receptor Agonist | Inhaled Prostacyclin | Soluble Guanylate Cyclase | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Treprostinil (Remodulin) | Tadalafil (Adcirca) | Sildenafil (Revatio) | Ambrisentan (Letairis) | Bosentan (Tracleer) | Macitentan (Opsumit) | Selexipag (Uptravi) | Treprostinil (Tyvaso) | Riociguat (Adempas) | |
Number of children taking Medication | 43 | 70 | 49 | 56 | 19 | 12 | 26 | 2 | 2 |
Total # of Side Effects Reported | 190 | 183 | 74 | 30 | 5 | 8 | 74 | 2 | 3 |
Average # of Side Effects per Child (mean, SD) | 4.40 (2.44) | 2.40 (1.20) | 1.61 (0.86) | 0.53 (0.90) | 0.26 (0.56) | 0.67 (1.50) | 2.85 (2.13) | 1.0 (0.0) | 1.50 (0.71) |
Parent/Guardian Reported ≥ 1 Side Effect | |||||||||
Yes | 42 (97.7%) | 62 (88.6%) | 36 (73.5%) | 19 (33.9%) | 4 (21.1%) | 3 (25.0%) | 21 (80.8%) | 1 (50.0%) | 1 (50.0%) |
No | 1 (2.3%) | 8 (11.4%) | 13 (26.5%) | 37 (66.1%) | 15 (78.9%) | 9 (75.0%) | 5 (19.2%) | 1 (50.0%) | 1 (50.0%) |
Side Effects Reported | |||||||||
Flushing of the skin | 31 (72.1%) | 35 (50.0%) | 26 (53.1%) | - | - | - | 13 (50.0%) | 1 (50.0%) | - |
Difficulty sleeping | 2 (4.7%) | 16 (22.9%) | 8 (16.3%) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Headache/Dizziness | 11 (25.6%) | 28 (40.0%) | 6 (12.2%) | 4 (7.1%) | 1 (5.3%) | 3 (25.0%) | 12 (46.1%) | - | - |
Low blood pressure | 1 (2.3%) | - | 1 (2.0%) | - | - | - | 1 (3.8%) | - | - |
Nasal congestion | - | 37 (52.8%) | 10 (20.4%) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Nausea | - | 24 (34.3%) | 8 (16.3%) | - | - | - | 12 (46.1%) | - | 1 (50.0%) |
Diarrhea | 15 (34.9%) | - | - | - | - | - | 10 (38.5%) | - | 1 (50.0%) |
Vomiting | 1 (2.3%) | - | - | - | - | - | 3 (11.5%) | - | - |
Heartburn | - | 24 (34.3%) | 8 (16.3%) | - | - | - | - | - | 1 (50.0%) |
Nose bleeds | - | 19 (27.1%) | 7 (14.3%) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Chest pain | - | - | - | 7 (12.5%) | - | - | - | - | - |
Fever | 4 (9.3%) | - | - | 1 (1.8%) | - | - | - | - | - |
Irregular heart beat | - | - | - | 1 (1.8%) | 1 (5.3%) | - | - | - | - |
Itching | 19 (44.2%) | - | - | 3 (5.4%) | - | 1 (8.3%) | - | - | - |
Joint/Muscle Pain | 20 (46.5%) | - | - | 10 (17.9%) | 2 (10.5%) | 2 (16.6%) | 12 (46.1%) | - | - |
Sore throat | - | - | - | 1 (1.8%) | - | 1 (8.3%) | - | 1 (50.0%) | - |
Swelling | 27 (62.7%) | - | - | 3 (5.4%) | 1 (5.3%) | - | - | - | - |
Fainting | - | - | - | - | - | 1 (8.3%) | - | - | - |
Fatigue | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 (3.8%) | - | - |
Jaw pain | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3 (11.5%) | - | - |
Decreased Appetite | 1 (2.3%) | - | - | - | - | - | 5 (19.2%) | - | - |
Low red blood cell count | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 (7.7%) | - | - |
Rash | 16 (37.2%) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Scars | 1 (2.3%) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Tenderness around infusion site | 41 (95.3%) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |