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Table 4 Multivariable multilevel analysis of factors associated with early neonatal mortality in Ethiopia, 2019

From: Epidemiology of neonatal mortality: a spatial and multilevel analysis of the 2019 mini-Ethiopian demographic and health survey data

Variables

Model I

Model II

AOR (95% CI)

Model III

AOR (95% CI)

Model IV

AOR (95% CI)

Maternal age

 15–19 Years

 

1.61 (0.70, 3.67)

 

1.59 (0.69, 3.59)

 20–24 Years

 

1.21 (0.69, 2.13)

 

1.19 (0.68, 2.09)

 25–29 Years

 

1.20 (0.80, 1.80)

 

1.12 (0.80, 1.79)

 30–34 Years

 

0.94 (0.58, 1.53)

 

0.94 (0.58, 1.52)

 35–39 Years

 

0.64 (0.39, 1.01)

 

0.64 (0.39, 1.01)

 40–44 Years

 

1.19 (0.71, 1.99)

 

1.20 (0.72, 2.01)

 45–49 Years

 

1

 

1

Maternal education attainment

 No education

 

2.43 (0.94, 6.30)

 

2.33 (0.91, 5.98)

 Incomplete primary

 

2.68 (1.05, 6.86)

 

2.61 (1.03, 6.59) *

 Complete primary

 

2.06 (0.52, 8.13)

 

2.03 (0.50, 8.20)

 Incomplete secondary

 

1.32 (0.38, 4.65)

 

1.28 (0.37, 4.49)

 Complete secondary

 

3.49 (0.69, 17.59)

 

3.58 (0.70, 18.21)

 Higher

 

1

 

1

Wealth index

 Poorest

 

1.10 (0.67, 1.81)

 

0.95 (0.51, 1.78)

 Poorer

 

1.41 (0.88, 2.25)

 

1.29 (0.74, 2.26)

 Middle

 

1.29 (0.78, 2.14)

 

1.21 (0.68, 2.16)

 Richer

 

1.47 (0.89, 2.39)

 

1.39 (0.70, 2.49)

 Richest

 

1

 

1

Number of babies at birth

 Singleton birth

 

1

 

1

 Twin birth

 

3.79 (2.48, 5.79) **

 

3.78 (2.47, 5.77) **

Sex of the child

 Male

 

1.65 (1.32, 2.07) **

 

1.65 (1.32, 2.06) **

 Female

 

1

 

1

Region

 Tigray

  

1.01 (0.51, 1.99)

0.84 (0.39, 1.77)

 Afar

  

0.83 (0.37, 1.84)

0.72 (0.31, 1.69)

 Amhara

  

0.98 (0.53, 1.80)

0.79 (0.39, 1.60)

 Oromia

  

1.16 (0.64, 2.12)

0.89 (0.45, 1.79)

 Somali

  

1.26 (0.63, 2.52)

1.12 (0.50, 2.52)

 Benishangul

  

1.47 (0.72, 3.01)

1.16 (0.51, 2.61)

 SNNPR***

  

0.84 (0.41, 1.69)

0.63 (0.29, 1.37)

 Gambela

  

1.68 (0.73, 3.89)

1.37 (0.55, 3.42)

 Harari

  

1.05 (0.57, 1.94)

0.88 (0.44, 1.75)

 Dire Dawa

  

0.67 (0.34, 1.31)

0.61 (0.29, 1.26)

 Addis Ababa

  

1

1

Place of residence

 Urban

  

1

1

 Rural

  

1.30 (0.93, 1.84)

1.23 (0.79, 1.89)

Altitude above sea level

  < 500 m

  

0.62 (0.33, 1.16)

0.65 (0.33, 1.26)

 501–1500 m

  

1.54 (1.05, 2.26) *

1.49 (0.99, 2.22)

 1501–2300 m

  

1

1

  > 2300 m

  

0.79 (0.55, 1.16)

0.78 (0.54, 1.14)

  1. * p-value < 0.001, ** p-value < 0.05, *** Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region