Table 2 Demographic, neonatal, maternal, and ventilation-associated data for EF and ES groups

Characteristics of neonate

 Male sex, n (%)

18 (75%)

9 (47.4%)

0.063

 Gestational age, weeks, median (SD)

27.7 (1.4)

27.6 (1.3)

0.873

 Birth weight, grams, median (SD)

988.6 (257)

1070.9 (206)

0.263

 Intrauterine growth retardation, n (%)

4 (16.7%)

1 (5.3%)

0.247

 Apgar score at 1 min, median (IQR)

3.79 (2–5)

3.74 (2–5)

0.835

 Apgar score at 5 min, median (IQR)

5.71 (4–7)

5.84 (3–8)

0.642

 Surfactant use, median (IQR)

1.42 (1–3)

1.42 (1–3)

0.982

 Inotropic use within 7 days of age, n (%)

22 (91.7%)

12 (63.2%)

0.022

 PDA, n (%)

14 (58.3%)

8 (42.2%)

0.396

 PPHN, n (%)

4 (16.7%)

3 (15.8%)

0.938

 HD of full feeding, days, median (IQR)

29.7 (6–70)

18.7 (4–47)

0.020

RSS

 Birth, median (IQR)

3.29 (1.55–15.00)

2.69 (1.75–7.20)

0.373

 1 day of age, median (IQR)

2.87 (1.40–15.00)

2.52 (1.49–6.60)

0.606

 3 days of age, median (IQR)

2.67 (1.27–10.50)

1.97 (0–3.96)

0.175

 1 week of age, median (IQR)

2.50 (1.42–6.00)

1.72 (0–3.60)

0.026

 2 weeks of age, median (IQR)

2.51 (1.38–4.50)

1.90 (0–4.40)

0.110

 3 weeks of age, median (IQR)

2.54 (1.48–4.00)

2.15 (0–4.94)

0.359

 4 weeks of age, median (IQR)

2.92 (0–5.28)

1.73 (0–4.41)

0.010

Pre-extubation

 HD, days, median (IQR)

25.6 (3–81)

29.0 (1–86)

0.636

 Corrected age, weeks, median (IQR)

31.3 (26–39)

31.8 (27.6–37.7)

0.625

 Body weight, gram, median (IQR)

1374.6 (668–3042)

1474.6 (914–2605)

0.535

 Use of systemic steroid for extubation, n (%)

23(95.8%)

15 (78.9%)

0.086

 pH, median (IQR)

7.32 (7.07–7.55)

7.37 (7.16–7.54)

0.076

 PCO₂, median (IQR)

42.0 (19.2–59.6)

39.6 (18.3–53.1)

0.564

 RSS, median (IQR)

1.88 (1.47–2.39)

1.79 (1.30–2.38)

0.322

Oxygen supply after extubation

 Nasal CPAP, n (%)

11 (45.8%)

8 (42.1%)

0.357

 HFNC, n (%)

13 (54.2%)

11 (57.9%)

Outcome

 BPD severity

0.018

  None

0

0

  Mild, n (%)

6 (25%)

10 (52.6%)

  Moderate, n (%)

4 (16.7%)

6 (31.6%)

  Severe, n (%)

14 (58.3%)

3 (15.8%)

 IVH, n (%)

2 (8.3%)

2 (10.5%)

0.806

 ROP. n (%)

12 (50%)

8 (42.1%)

0.606

 Duration of oxygen supply, days, median (IQR)

92.9 (48–275)

66.5 (27–110)

0.042

 Tracheostomy, n (%)

1 (4.2%)

0

0.368

 Home oxygen, n (%)

3 (12.5%)

0

0.110

 HD at discharge, days, median (IQR)

103.4 (57–254)

84.1 (44–122)

0.074

 Corrected age at discharge, weeks, median (IQR)

42.5 (37–64)

39.6 (35.9–45.0)

0.043

 Body weight at discharge, grams, median (IQR)

3209.2 (2200–6150)

2820.0 (2200–3510)

0.080

Maternal and prenatal care information

 Age, median (IQR)

33.8 (26–41)

34.6 (25–41)

0.553

 Chorioamnionitis, n (%)

10 (41.7%)

10 (52.6%)

0.486

 PROM, n (%)

7 (29.2%)

11 (57.9%)

0.060

 Antenatal steroid, median (IQR)

0.71 (0–1)

0.95 (0–1)

0.047