Table 1 Factors associated with birth weight among 530 pregnant women from Ipalogama, Sri Lanka
From: Determinants of birthweight in rural Sri Lanka; a cohort study
| Â | Â | N | Mean birthweight | Std. Deviation | t/f (P) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic factors | |||||
  Has completed education up to grade 11 | Yes | 273 | 2949.6 | 461.5 | 2.10(0.04) |
No | 213 | 2862.0 | 456.0 | ||
  Husband has completed education up to grade 11 | Yes | 269 | 2954.8 | 444.7 | 2.40(0.02) |
No | 216 | 2853.5 | 474.2 | ||
  Teenage mother | Yes | 23 | 2751.5 | 554.3 | -1.70(0.09) |
No | 472 | 2915.9 | 452.3 | ||
  Monthly family income (Rs.10000) |  > 10,000 | 449 | 2914.6 | 462.6 | 0.70(0.46) |
 ≤ 10,000 | 46 | 2862.2 | 417.3 | ||
Obstetric history of the mother | |||||
  Primy gravida | Yes | 134 | 2834.6 | 396.8 | -2.50(0.01) |
No | 358 | 2940.2 | 477.2 | ||
  Having a previous baby with a low birth weight | Yes | 79 | 2638.9 | 464.3 | -6.70 (< 0.01) |
No | 268 | 3026.2 | 449.1 | ||
Characteristics of the baby | |||||
  Sex of the baby | Male | 251 | 2950.4 | 483.7 | 2.20(0.03) |
Female | 243 | 2861.8 | 425.3 | ||
Medical conditions of the mother | |||||
  Chronic/gestational diabetes | Yes | 28 | 3115.9 | 556.5 | 2.50(0.01) |
No | 467 | 2896.5 | 449.6 | ||
  Chronic/ pregnancy-induced hypertension | No | 478 | 2913.8 | 450.0 | 0.40(0.67) |
Yes | 15 | 2837.0 | 667.3 | ||
Nutritional status of the mother at pregnancy registration | |||||
  Stunting in mother | Yes | 25 | 2608.6 | 506.9 | -3.40(0.00) |
No | 471 | 2925.8 | 450.4 | Â | |
  Maternal BMI |  < 18.5 | 82 | 2823.7 | 418.3 | 7.77(0.00) |
18.5–22.9 | 166 | 2820.2 | 435.0 | ||
23–24.9 | 68 | 2943.1 | 451.6 | ||
 >  = 25 | 159 | 3038.9 | 471.8 | ||
Food and nutritional supplements | |||||
  Number of meals missed per week |  ≥ 1 | 129 | 2843.3 | 433.622 | -1.98(0.05) |
none | 359 | 2935.8 | 463.531 | ||
  Shares her allocated 'Triposha' supplement with family | No | 95 | 2834.5 | 473.4 | -1.85 (0.06) |
Yes | 400 | 2935.3 | 477.2 | ||
  Missed doses of iron supplement per week |  ≥ 2.0 | 81 | 2892.8 | 395.2 | -0.50(0.63) |
 < 2.0 | 406 | 2919.3 | 466.6 | ||
  Missed doses of calcium supplements per week |  ≥ 2.0 | 131 | 2837.5 | 419.2 | -2.30(0.02) |
 < 2.0 | 355 | 2943.8 | 461.8 | ||
Environmental factors | |||||
  Exposure to smoke of biomass fuel at least once a day | Yes | 326 | 2895.8 | 450.5 | -1.10(0.28) |
No | 169 | 2943.2 | 468.0 | ||
  Use of biomass fuel at home | Yes | 383 | 2886.3 | 444.3 | -2.40(0.02) |
No | 109 | 3003.7 | 489.0 | ||
  Exposure to tobacco smoke | Yes | 68 | 2893.0 | 462.6 | -0.40(0.71) |
No | 423 | 2915.3 | 457.1 | ||
Physical activity pattern | |||||
  Period of standing (per day) |  ≥ 1 h | 171 | 2911.6 | 478.4 | -0.30(0.77) |
 < 1 h | 307 | 2924.3 | 445.1 | ||
  Period of engagement in strenuous work (per day) |  < 1 h | 339 | 2918.9 | 457.1 | 0.10 (0.92) |
 ≥ 1 h | 129 | 2913.8 | 454.3 | ||
Domestic cohesion | |||||
  Perceived care from husband | Optimal | 229 | 2957.9 | 475.0 | 2.20(0.03) |
Suboptimal | 261 | 2866.8 | 441.4 | ||
  Perceived care from family members | Optimal | 231 | 2947.1 | 454.9 | 1.70(0.09) |
Suboptimal | 258 | 2877.2 | 461.5 | ||
  Frequency of being verbally/ physically/ sexually abused | At least a few times a month | 110 | 2824.0 | 482.9 | 2.5(0.03) |
Occasionally / never | 377 | 2934.5 | 446.4 | ||
Psychological | |||||
  General affect over one week | Unhappy | 83 | 2816.3 | 474.2 | -2.20(0.03) |
Happy | 405 | 2934.3 | 450.5 | ||
  Perceived wellbeing | Optimal | 195 | 2972.6 | 451.5 | 2.50(0.01) |
Suboptimal | 294 | 2868.3 | 460.9 | ||