Table 1 Characteristics of eligible children categorized by anesthesia method
Variable | Category | Using general anesthesia | Using intravenous sedation only | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
n=1164 | n=5396 | |||
Age | 1–5 years | 358 (30.8%) | 876 (16.2%) | <0.001 |
6–11 years | 619 (53.2%) | 2568 (47.6%) |  | |
12–15 years | 187 (16.1%) | 1952 (36.2%) |  | |
Male | Â | 682 (58.6%) | 3035 (56.2%) | 0.14 |
Body mass index | Underweight | 93 (8.0%) | 536 (9.9%) | 0.007 |
Normal | 859 (73.8%) | 4046 (75.0%) | Â | |
Overweight | 212 (18.2%) | 814 (15.1%) | Â | |
Kidney disease | Nephritis | 725 (62.3%) | 3519 (65.2%) | 0.058 |
Nephrotic syndrome | 439 (37.7%) | 1877 (34.8%) | Â | |
Comorbid kidney failure | 9 (0.8%) | 36 (0.7%) | 0.69 | |
Acute kidney injury/acute or rapidly progressive disease | 16 (1.4%) | 81 (1.5%) | 0.75 | |
Use of antiplatelets or anticoagulants | 11 (0.9%) | 104 (1.9%) | 0.021 | |
Comorbid anemia on admission | 18 (1.5%) | 38 (0.7%) | 0.005 | |
Coagulation disorders on admission | 11 (0.9%) | 37 (0.7%) | 0.35 | |
Metabolic disease | 70 (6.0%) | 311 (5.8%) | 0.74 | |
Mental disease | 18 (1.5%) | 58 (1.1%) | 0.17 | |
Neurological disease | 15 (1.3%) | 38 (0.7%) | 0.043 | |
Cardiovascular disease | 215 (18.5%) | 797 (14.8%) | 0.002 | |
Respiratory disease | 137 (11.8%) | 470 (8.7%) | 0.001 | |
Musculoskeletal disease | 67 (5.8%) | 376 (7.0%) | 0.14 | |
Congenital disease | 12 (1.0%) | 40 (0.7%) | 0.31 | |
Use of corticosteroids | 137 (11.8%) | 565 (10.5%) | 0.19 | |
Use of immunosuppressants | 142 (12.2%) | 679 (12.6%) | 0.72 | |
Use of tranexamic acid | 529 (45.4%) | 2189 (40.6%) | 0.002 | |
Use of albumin infusion | 9 (0.8%) | 47 (0.9%) | 0.74 | |
Hospital volume (cases/year) | 1–5 | 491 (42.2%) | 1628 (30.2%) | <0.001 |
6–12 | 396 (34.0%) | 1804 (33.4%) |  | |
13– | 277 (23.8%) | 1964 (36.4%) |  | |
Academic hospital admission | 486 (41.8%) | 2394 (44.4%) | 0.10 | |
History of biopsy at the same hospital | 136 (11.7%) | 743 (13.8%) | 0.058 | |
Fiscal year | 2010 | 59 (5.1%) | 397 (7.4%) | <0.001 |
2011 | 73 (6.3%) | 468 (8.7%) | Â | |
2012 | 129 (11.1%) | 631 (11.7%) | Â | |
2013 | 141 (12.1%) | 694 (12.9%) | Â | |
2014 | 173 (14.9%) | 790 (14.6%) | Â | |
2015 | 171 (14.7%) | 821 (15.2%) | Â | |
2016 | 190 (16.3%) | 797 (14.8%) | Â | |
2017 | 228 (19.6%) | 798 (14.8%) | Â | |
Length of stay (days) | 11.0 (14.3) | 9.0 (11.2) | <0.001 | |
Total hospitalization costs (US dollars) | 4986 (5531) | 3381 (4648) | <0.001 | |
Complication following biopsy | 27 (2.3%) | 151 (2.8%) | 0.43 | |