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Table 1 characteristics of the selected studies (trials, exploratory, case and pilot studies)

From: An investigation into the relationship between nutritional status, dietary intake, symptoms and health-related quality of life in children and young people with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author/ Year

Number of the participants

Study method

Diet/supplements intervention

primary outcome (findings)

Tang et al. 2019 [19]

Total:36

JIA:18

Control:18

Randomised control trial

Cholecalciferol Vitamin D supplementation

Higher levels of serum 25OHD: P < 0.05

JADAS-27 was not significant: P > 0.05

No correlation between vitamin D, disease activity and BMD

Stark et al. 2006 [20]

Total:49

BI group:25

ESC group:24

Randomised clinical trial

Group 1: JRA received the 6-session BI increased to increase taking dietary calcium

Group 2: JRA received 3-session ESC to increase Ca

Ca was significantly greater in the BI group (P < .001)

25-OH-D concentration did not differ between or within intervention group (p > .05)

Dilandro et al. 2015 [12]

Total:22

JIA:12

Control:10

Controlled trial

Biscuit supplementation contains iron

Decreased inflammatory

indexes (particularly ESR) p = 0.002

No differences in changes were observed for serum iron and ferritin. (p = 0.621, 0.166 respectively)

Golini and Jones. 2014 [21]

Total:16

Clinical trial

Kre-Celazine nutritional Supplement composed of a proprietary alkali buffered creatine monohydrate and acetylated fatty acids mixture

Normal range of motion

Decreased ESR and CRP

Decreased pain scores

Gheita et al. 2012 [22]

Total:47

JIA:27

Control:20

Controlled trial

Dietary supplements of omega-3 FAs

A remarkable improvement in:

mean active joint count (p < 0.001)

JADAS-27 (p < 0.001)

CHAQ (p < 0.001)

A significant reduction in the ESR

Yarema et al. 2018 [23]

Total:68

JIA:53

Control:15

Randomised controlled trial

Dietary supplements of omega-3 PUFA

Immune status significantly improved:(≤ 0.05)

Berntson et al.2014 [24]

1

case study

Full nutrition by EEN

Improvement in:

global assessment of pain (VAS 0–100 mm)

CHAQ

JADAS 27

Berntson et al.2016 [24]

1

Pilot study

Full nutrition by EEN

A remarkable Improvement in:

number of inflamed joints, morning stiffness, global assessment of pain (VAS 0–100 mm)

CHAQ

Berntson et al.2016 [24]

7

Exploratory study

Full nutrition by EEN

An immediate anti-inflammatory effect, as shown by reduction in inflammatory

Proteins MCP-2, MCP-3 and MCP-4 (monocyte chemoattractant protein) resulting in clinical improvement

in patients with JIA and decreased in levels

of JADAS27, CHAQ and pain VAS