Table 2 Characteristics of the sample
Total sample (n = 244) | Control (n = 128) | Intervention (n = 116) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Caregiver Characteristics | |||
Age (years)a | 25 (5.8) | 25.7 (6.0) | 25.0 (5.6) |
Primary caregiver is biological mothera | 99% (n = 240) | 98% (n = 125) | 99% (n = 115) |
Mother’s education (years) | 6.4 (3.2) | 6.1 (3.4) | 6.7 (3.0) |
Mother completed primary education | 63% (n = 154) | 58% (n = 74) | 69% (n = 80) |
Father’s education (years)b | 4.6 (4.0) | 4.6 ± 3.9 | 4.7 (4.2) |
Father completed primary educationb | 34% (n = 81) | 34% (n = 41) | 35% (n = 40) |
Child Characteristics | |||
Age at Bayley-III assessment (months) | 16.2 (5.4) | 15.6 (5.2) | 16.9 (5.4) |
4–12 months | 30% (n = 73) | 36% (n = 42) | 24% (n = 31) |
13–18 months | 35% (n = 86) | 42% (n = 49) | 29% (n = 37) |
19–26 months | 35% (n = 85) | 32% (n = 37) | 38% (n = 48) |
Female | 45% (n = 111) | 44% (n = 56) | 47% (n = 55) |
FCI play activities subscale (0–6) | 3.7 (1.6) | 3.1 (1.5) | 4.5 (1.4) |
FCI play materials subscale (0-6) | 2.9 (1.7) | 2.2 (1.4) | 3.7 (1.7) |
Household Characteristics | |||
Household size (number of people) | 5.5 (2.1) | 5.4 (1.9) | 5.7 (2.3) |
Has cement floor | 18% (n = 43) | 18% (n = 23) | 17% (n = 20) |
Has brick walls | 21% (n = 50) | 24% (n = 31) | 16% (n = 19) |
Has electricity | 88% (n = 215) | 82% (n = 23) | 95% (n = 110) |
Bayley-III Raw Scores | |||
Cognitivec | 46.2 (9.6) | 44.8 (9.5) | 47.8 (9.5) |
Receptive language | 17.3 (5.4) | 16.3 (5.2) | 18.3 (5.4) |
Expressive languagea | 19.3 (6.3) | 18.0 (6.0) | 20.6 (6.4) |
Fine motorc | 31.4 (6.0) | 30.6 (6.2) | 32.3 (5.7) |
Gross motore | 46.8 (9.7) | 46.0 (9.7) | 47.8 (9.6) |
Total scoref | 161.4 (35.2) | 156.1 (35.0) | 167.0 (34.9) |
Bayley-III Composite Scores | |||
Cognitivec | 94.8 (11.7) | 93.6 (13.3) | 96.0 (9.7) |
Languagea | 96.5 (14.4) | 94.6 (16.6) | 98.6 (11.3) |
Motord | 100.0 (13.8) | 99.3 (14.7) | 100.7 (12.8) |
ASQ:I Raw Scores | |||
Problem solvingg | 54.3 (15.9) | 51.3 (15.8) | 57.6 (15.4) |
Communicationa | 55.7 (16.1) | 52.9 (15.3) | 58.8 (16.5) |
Fine motorf | 49.8 (11.5) | 48.3 (11.3) | 51.5 (11.5) |
Gross motorh | 58.1 (16.5) | 55.9 (16.3) | 60.5 (16.4) |
Personal sociali | 54.0 (16.6) | 50.9 (15.9) | 57.5 (16.8) |
Totalj | 271.8 (72.7) | 260.0 (70.3) | 284.4 (73.4) |