Vibration therapy in young children with mild to moderate cerebral palsy: does frequency and treatment duration matter? A randomised-controlled study

Table 4 Anthropometry and body composition outcomes

Parameters (units)		n	Control period	12VT	20VT	12VT vs Control	20VT vs Control
Anthropometry	Height (z-score)	30	−0.63 (− 0.72, − 0.55)	−0.60 (− 0.69, − 0.52)	−0.58 (− 0.67, − 0.49)	0.03 (− 0.05, 0.12)	0.06 (− 0.05, 0.16)
	Weight (z-score)	30	−0.50 (− 0.60, − 0.39)	−0.51 (− 0.62, − 0.40)	−0.40 (− 0.52, − 0.29)	−0.02 (− 0.14, 0.10)	0.10 (− 0.05, 0.24)
	BMI (z-score)	30	−0.19 (− 0.35, − 0.03)	−0.23 (− 0.40, − 0.06)	−0.11 (− 0.28, 0.07)	−0.04 (− 0.25, 0.17)	0.08 (− 0.15, 0.32)
aBMD	TBLH (g/cm²)	30	0.631 (0.612, 0.650)	0.633 (0.624, 0.641)	0.633 (0.614, 0.651)	0.002 (−0.018, 0.022)	0.002 (−0.033, 0.036)
	TBLH (z-score)	30	−0.97 (−1.06, − 0.89)	−0.94 (− 1.02, − 0.85)	−0.93 (− 1.01, − 0.84)	0.03 (− 0.03, 0.11)	0.05 (− 0.05, 0.14)
	Spine L1-L4 (g/cm²)	29	0.685 (0.662, 0.707)	0.691 (0.682, 0.701)	0.699 (0.676, 0.723)	0.007 (−0.018, 0.031)	0.015 (− 0.029, 0.058)
	Spine L1-L4 (z-score)	27	−0.71 (− 0.79, − 0.63)	−0.63 (− 0.72, − 0.54)	−0.57 (− 0.66, − 0.48)	0.08 (− 0.02, 0.18)	0.14 (0.03, 0.26)*
BMC	TBLH (g)	30	741 (714, 768)	763 (749, 776)	772 (745, 800)	21 (−7, 50)	31 (−18, 81)
BMC	Spine L1-L4 (g)	29	21.7 (20.4, 23.0)	23.2 (22.6, 23.7)	23.9 (22.5, 25.2)	1.5 (0.0, 2.9)*	2.2 (−0.3, 4.7)
Lean mass	Legs (kg)	30	5.9 (5.6, 6.3)	6.0 (5.9, 6.2)	6.1 (5.8, 6.5)	0.1 (−0.3, 0.4)	0.2 (−0.5, 0.8)
Fat mass	Total (%)	30	28.6 (28.3, 28.9)	28.8 (28.5, 29.2)	28.8 (28.4, 29.2)	0.2 (−0.3, 0.7)	0.2 (−0.3, 0.7)

12VT, assessment after 12 weeks of side-alternating vibration therapy; 20VT, assessment after 20 weeks of side-alternating vibration therapy; aBMD, areal bone mineral density; BMC, bone mineral content; BMI, body mass index; TBLH, total body less head
Data at each assessment are the adjusted means and 95% confidence intervals (CI), while differences between assessments are the adjusted mean differences and 95% CI; all values were derived from linear mixed models based on repeated measures including the participant’s GMFCS level, randomisation group (20 Hz / 25 Hz), the baseline value of the outcome, as well as the number of days elapsed from baseline (except for anthropometric outcomes)
n is the number of participants at baseline; the number of participants who completed a given assessment is provided in Additional file 1
Statistically significant differences (at p < 0.05) between assessments are shown in bold, where *p < 0.05 indicates a pairwise difference compared to the Control period

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