Spinal manipulation and mobilisation in the treatment of infants, children, and adolescents: a systematic scoping review

Table 6 Summary results of descriptive synthesis with levels of evidence statement for spinal MOBILISATION to manage paediatric populations with a variety of conditions

Conditions *(Population)*	Levels of Evidence Statement			Adverse Events Documented in reviews and studies included in the descriptive synthesis
	Reviews	High-Quality Studies	Summary Statement
	Reviews	High-Quality Studies	Summary Statement	Original Report (Author & Year)	Adverse Event / (Practitioner Type)	Further cited by
Spinal MOBILISATION
Asthma ^ (C&A)	Insufficient	-	Insufficient
ADHD ^ (C)	Insufficient	-	Insufficient
Otitis Media ^ (I&C)	-	Insufficient	Insufficient
Torticollis ^ (I)	Insufficient	-	Insufficient
Plagiocephaly ^ (I) (With no torticollis)	-	Insufficient	Insufficient
Upper Cervical Dysfunction ^ (I)	-	Insufficient	Insufficient	Saedt (2018)	Mild: back soreness, irritability, poor feeding, mild distress, increased crying, increased head tilt, temporary vegetative responses after mobilisation including: - Flushing: 17.8% (14.03, 22.59) - Hyper-extension: 4.3% (2.49, 7.11) - Perspiration: 3.6% (2.01, 6.30) - Gastro-esophageal reflux: 0.3% (0.06, 1.82) - Short breathing pattern changes: 9.2% (6.39, 12.87)	Corso (2020) [73]

All findings presented in this table are a result of the descriptive synthesis presented in Supplementary File 5
High quality evidence was not available to explore the effectiveness of spinal mobilisation on individuals with the following conditions: adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), back/neck pain, breastfeeding difficulties, cerebral palsy (CP), dysfunctional voiding, headache, infantile colic, KISS syndrome, nocturnal enuresis
Populations: I – Infants, C – Children, A – Adolescents
All adverse events extracted from included systematic reviews, except those studies marked with * which have been extracted from individual studies. ^Additional high-quality research (e.g., RCTs) may be warranted
Insufficient: Insufficient high-quality evidence available on the topic and further research may be warranted
Inconclusive: Available evidence is inconclusive, and further research may be warranted
No Significant Effect: High-quality evidence suggests the intervention is not effective and should not be used in clinical practice
Significant Positive Effect: High-quality evidence suggests the intervention is effective and could be used when clinical reasoning supports its application

ISSN: 1471-2431