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Fig. 3 | BMC Pediatrics

Fig. 3

From: Endoscopic aqueductal membrane fenestration was effective for intractable hydrocephalus after removal of a nongerminomatous germ cell tumor exhibiting growing teratoma syndrome: a case report

Fig. 3

MRI CISS sagittal and endoscopic findings before and after perforating the membrane at the entrance of the cerebral aqueduct. a, b MRI CISS sagittal view when the extraventricular drain was clamped and consciousness disturbance was prolonged. A septum is found at the entrance of the cerebral aqueduct, and the flow of CSF cannot be confirmed. c When observed with an endoscope, a membrane is confirmed at the entrance of the cerebral aqueduct, similar to the MRI findings, and CSF perfusion is not observed. d, e MRI CISS sagittal view after perforation of the membrane shows that the septum has disappeared, and CSF flow is observed. f CSF perfusion is confirmed after perforating the membrane. g The bottom of the third ventricle, which was opened by ETV, is closed

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BMC Pediatrics

ISSN: 1471-2431

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