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Table 2 Results of intragroup comparisons

From: Teaching cards as low-cost and brief materials for teaching basic life support to 6–10-year-old primary school children – a quasi-experimental combination design study

Skills

p-values (effect sizes)

Teaching card

Traditional

Combined

T0 vs. T1

T0 vs. T2

T1 vs. T2

T0 vs. T1

T0 vs. T2

T1 vs. T2

T0 vs. T1

T0 vs. T2

T1 vs. T2

Check safety

 < 0.001 (0.20)

 < 0.001 (0.22)

0.648 (0.16)

 < 0.001 (0.22)

 < 0.001 (0.20)

 < 0.001 (0.22)

 < 0.001 (0.18)

 < 0.001 (0.24)

0.546 (0.14)

Check consciousness

-*

-*

0.122 (0.16)

-*

-

 < 0.001 (0.20)

-*

-*

 < 0.001 (0.22)

Check breathing (10 s)

-*

-*

0.016 (0.20)

 < 0.001 (0.24)

0.625 (0.14)

 < 0.001 (0.20)

-*

-*

 < 0.001 (0.20)

Check breathing (positioning the head)

-*

-*

 < 0.001 (0.22)

-*

-

 < 0.001 (0.22)

-*

-*

 < 0.001 (0.20)

Check breathing (look-listen-feel)

 < 0.001 (0.24)

0.110 (0.18)

0.834 (0.14)

 < 0.001 (0.24)

 < 0.001 (0.20)

 < 0.001 (0.20)

 < 0.001 (0.22)

0.072 (0.18)

0.012 (0.20)

Call the ambulance (112)

 < 0.001 (0.20)

 < 0.001 (0.17)

0.454 (0.14)

 < 0.001 (0.20)

 < 0.001 (0.23)

0.824 (0.14)

 < 0.001 (0.22)

 < 0.001 (0.19)

1 (0.16)

Chest compression (30)

-*

-*

0.238 (0.14)

 < 0.001 (0.20)

 < 0.001 (0.20)

0.143 (0.18)

 < 0.001 (0.22)

 < 0.001 (0.22)

 < 0.001 (0.20)

Chest compression (hand position)

-*

-*

0.453 (0.20)

 < 0.001 (0.16)

 < 0.001 (0.18)

1 (0.20)

 < 0.001 (0.24)

 < 0.001 (0.22)

1 (0.12)

Ventilation (positioning the head)

-*

-*

0.011 (0.18)

 < 0.001 (0.20)

0.765 (0.17)

 < 0.001 (0.20)

-*

-*

 < 0.001 (0.23)

Ventilation (2 times)

-*

-*

0.243

-*

-*

 < 0.001 (0.23)

-*

-*

 < 0.001 (0.21)

Total BLS score (every step were correct)

-*

-*

0.213 (0.15)

-*

-*

-*

-*

-*

0.435 (0.19)

Total BLS score (≥ 60% were correct)

-*

-*

0.011 (0.21)

-*

-*

 < 0.001 (0.24)

-*

-*

0.001 (0.23)

Attitude

 A person is lying on the ground with a health emergency and needing help. Could you help him/her?

0.139 (0.15)

0.690 (0.13)

0.424 (0.20)

0.839 (0.18)

0.210 (0.21)

0.405 (0.15)

0.791 (0.18)

0.424 (0.16)

0.774 (0.20)

  1. *Statistical analysis was not appropriate because the number of correct skills was 0 at these time points
  2. P-values are added and effect sizes in brackets. Intragroup effect sizes were small or medium (0.05–0.25) in every case
  3. T0 Pretest before the training, T1 Post test within one week, T2 Post test after two months, BLS Basic Life Support