From: Utility of illness symptoms for predicting COVID-19 infections in children
% of cohort with this symptom | Positive Likelihood Ratio (95% CI) | Number Needed to Screen | Estimated missed school days | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Among children with illness symptoms, how much does having this symptom change the likelihood of testing positive for COVID-19? | How many children with illness symptoms need to be screened for this symptom to find 1 case of COVID-19? | How many school days will be missed by children with this symptom to find 1 case of COVID-19? | |||
In 5–18 year olds (n = 1207), any presence of | |||||
CDC-listed COVID-19 symptoms for school exclusion and immediate testing [2, 3, 5] | Fever or chills | 46.1% | 1.11 (0.94–1.31) | 15 | 20 |
Sore Throata | 42.7% | 1.00 (0.78–1.29) | 15 | 19 | |
Headachea | 39.3% | 1.45 (1.16–1.80)* | 12 | 14 | |
Cough | 36.3% | 1.24 (1.03–1.51)* | 17 | 18 | |
Nausea, Vomiting, or Diarrhea | 30.0% | 0.68 (0.50–0.92)* | 34 | 31 | |
Shortness of Breath | 5.0% | 1.26 (0.65–2.44) | 121 | 18 | |
Nasal Congestion/Rhinorrhea | 43.7% | 1.01 (0.84–1.22) | 17 | 22 | |
Fatigueb | 34.5% | 2.17 (1.29–3.63)* | 35 | 36 | |
Muscle Aches | 18.7% | 1.44 (1.08–1.93)* | 29 | 16 | |
Loss of taste or smell | 6.0% | 3.57 (2.27–5.61)* | 46 | 8 | |
Other illness symptoms potentially used for school exclusion | Conjunctivitisc | 3.7% | 1.09 (0.34–3.53) | 256 | 21 |
Rash|| | 3.1% | 0.20 (0.03–1.43) | 1055 | 99 | |
Abdominal Paina | 20.7% | 0.56 (0.32–0.98)* | 51 | 32 | |
Self-reported COVID-19 contactd | 24.0% | 5.26 (4.37–6.33)* | 9 | 7 | |
In 0–4 year olds (n = 960), any presence of | |||||
CDC-listed COVID-19 symptoms for school exclusion and immediate testing | Fever or chills | 54.6% | 1.31 (1.11–1.54)* | 18 | 30 |
Cough | 38.6% | 0.77 (0.54–1.09) | 42 | 48 | |
Nausea, Vomiting, or Diarrhea | 23.5% | 0.77 (0.47–1.25) | 69 | 48 | |
Sore Throata | 12.7% | 1.40 (0.70–2.77) | 55 | 21 | |
Headachea | 5.9% | 0.70 (0.17–2.86) | 221 | 39 | |
Shortness of Breath | 1.0% | 2.91 (0.63–13) | 480 | 15 | |
Nasal Congestion/Rhinorrhea | 51.6% | 1.05 (0.85–1.31) | 23 | 36 | |
Fatigueb | 20.2% | 1.37 (0.51–3.73) | 86 | 52 | |
Muscle Aches | 3.3% | 1.66 (0.60–4.61) | 240 | 24 | |
Loss of taste or smell | 0.1% | 0.00 (0.16–93) | # | # | |
Other illness symptoms potentially used for school exclusion and testing | Rashd | 4.7% | 0.92 (0.29–2.91) | 291 | 41 |
Conjunctivitisc | 1.7% | 1.54 (0.20–12) | 777 | 39 | |
Abdominal Paina | 9.8% | 0.63 (0.20–1.95) | 147 | 43 | |
Self-reported COVID-19 contactd | 18.4% | 5.87 (4.67–7.38)* | 16 | 9 |