Table 3 Multilevel (individual and community level) analysis of factors associated with iron intakes among children 6–59 months old in Ethiopia, EDHS 2016

Age of women (years)

15–24

_––

1.00

_{––––––}

1.00

25–34

_––

1.33 [0.99, 1.79]

_{––––––}

1.34 [0.99, 1.79]

36–49

_––

1.13 [0.76, 1.67]

_{––––––}

1.13 [0.77, 1.67]

Sex of household head

Male

_––

1.00

_{––––––}

1.00

Female

_––

0.67 [0.48, 0.95]*

_{––––––}

0.73 [0.48, 1.05]

Educational attainment of women

No education

_––

1.00

_{––––––}

1.00

Primary education

_––

1.11 [0.86, 1.41]

_{––––––}

1.03 [0.80, 1.31]

Sec.& above

_––

1.49 [0.97, 2.29]

_{––––––}

1.37 [0.89, 2.11]

Occupation of women

Not worked

_––

1.00

_{––––––}

1.00

Worked

_––

0.933 [0.76, 1.15]

_{––––––}

0.94 [0.76, 1.15]

Marital status of the mother

Married

_––

1.00

_{––––––}

Not married

_––

0.83 [0.53, 1.31]

_{––––––}

0.84 [0.53, 1.32]

Household family size

1–4

_––

1.00

_{––––––}

1.00

5–10

_––

1.46 [1.12, 1.91]*

_{––––––}

1.45 [1.11, 1.89]**

 > 11

_––

1.66 [0.88, 3.14]

_{––––––}

1.69 [0.89, 3.19]

Media exposure

No

_––

1.00

_{––––––}

1.00

Yes

_––

1.03 [0.8, 1.31]

_{––––––}

1.02 [0.79, 1.30]

Wealth index

Poorest

_––

1.00

_{––––––}

1.00

Middle

_––

1.22 [0.93, 1.61]

_{––––––}

1.17 [0.88, 1.55]

Richest

_––

1.37 [1.03, 1.82]*

_{––––––}

1.29 [0.96, 1.73]

Sex of child

Male

_––

1.00

_{––––––}

1.00

Female

_––

0.64 [0.46, 0.90]*

_{––––––}

0.81 [0.67, 0.99]**

Age of child

6–11

_––

1.00

_{––––––}

1.00

12–23

_––

1.47 [1.07, 2.03]*

_{–––––-}

1.49 [1.08, 2.06]**

 > 24

_––

1.86 [1.32, 2.63]***

_{–––––-}

1.82 [1.29, 2.57]**

Plurality of birth

Single

_––

1.00

_{––––––}

1.00

Multiple

_––

0.84 [0.34, 2.08]

_{––––––}

0.82 [0.33, 2.02]

Birth Order

 < 3

_––

1.00

1.00

 > 3

_––

0.74 [0.55, 0.98]**

0.73 [0.55, 0.98]*

Breastfeeding status

No

_––

1.00

1.00

Yes

_––

0.86 [0.67, 1.11]

0.87 [0.678, 1.11]

Pregnancy wontedness

Wanted

_––

1.00

_{––––––}

1.00

Unwanted

_––

0.82 [0.65, 1.03]

_{––––––}

0.81 [0.64, 1.02]

ANC visits

No ANC

_––

1.00

_{––––––}

1.00

At least one ANC

_––

1.29 [1.03, 1.64]*

_{––––––}

1.27 [1.01, 1.61]**

Place of delivery

Home delivery

_––

1.00

_{––––––}

1.00

Health facilities

_––

1.46 [1.04, 2.04]*

_{––––––}

1.46 [1.04, 2.04]*

Community level variables

Distance from health facilities

Not big problem

_––

_{––––––}

1.00

1.00

Big problem

_––

_{––––––}

1.16 [0.96, 1.41]

1.09 [0.87, 1.39]

Residence

Urban

_––

_{––––––}

1.00

Rural

_––

_{––––––}

1.09 [0.66, 1.81]

1.54 [0.84, 2.84]

Region

Metropolis

_––

_{––––––}

1.00

1.00

Large central

_––

_{––––––}

3.39 [1.53, 7.52]*

3.68 [1.47, 9.21]**

Small periphery

_––

_{––––––}

1.74 [0.70, 4.31]

2.56 [0.88, 7.39]

Community-women education

Low

_–-

_{––––––}

1.00

1.00

High

_––

_{––––––}

2.13 [1.48, 3.06]**

1.96 [1.28, 2.98]**

Community media usage

Low

_–-

_{––––––}

1.00

1.00

High

_––

_{––––––}

1.02 [0.70, 1.48]

0.92 [0.59, 1.42]

Community poverty

Low

_––

_{––––––}

1.00

1.00

High

_––

_{––––––}

0.81 [0.56, 1.19]

0.82 [0.52, 1.30

Random effect

Community level variance

1.69

1.54

1.58

1.32

ICC

34.4%

32.35%

32.92%

29.73%

MOR

3.44

PCV

Ref

8.87%

6.51%

21.89%

Model comparison

Logliklihood

-2611

-1707

-2588

-1693

Deviance

5222

3414

5176

3386