Table 1 Clinical data of children with MOG-Ab-positive and MOG-Ab-negative ADS
|  | MOG-Ab-positive (n = 30) | MOG-Ab-negative (n = 60) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Sex (F/M) | 10/20 | 27/33 | 0.289 |
Age at onset, years | 6.8 ± 4.2 | 7.2 ± 3.4 | 0.271 |
Weight, kg | 28.94 ± 18.40 | 29.74 ± 15.72 | 0.055 |
Residence (South/North) | 28/2 | 60/0 | 0.206 |
Prodromal infection, n (%) | 10 (33.3) | 3 (5) | 0.001* |
Time of prodromal infection, d | 3 ± 5 | 0.4 ± 2 | 0.020* |
Vaccination 1Â week before illness onset, n (%) | 2 (6.7) | 3 (4.9) | 1.000 |
First symptom, n (%) | Â | Â | 0.047* |
 Abnormal mental behavior | 3(10.0) | 5(8.3) |  |
 Visual impairment | 9(30.0) | 4(6.7) |  |
 Seizures | 3(10.0) | 10(16.7) |  |
 Speech disorder | 2(6.7) | 3(5.0) |  |
 Movement disorder | 2(6.7) | 14(23.3) |  |
 Involuntary movement | 0 | 2(3.3) |  |
 Altered consciousness | 7(23.2) | 10(16.7) |  |
 Fever with a headache | 2(6.7) | 2(3.3) |  |
 Headache and vomiting | 2(6.7) | 10(16.7) |  |
Main symptom, n (%) | |||
 Abnormal mental behavior | 0 | 1 (1.7) | 1.00 |
 Visual impairment | 4 (13.3) | 3 (5.0) | 1.00 |
 Seizures | 2 (6.7) | 5 (8.3) | 0.692 |
 Speech disorder | 1 (3.3) | 3 (5.0) | 1.00 |
 Sensory disturbance | 1 (3.3) | 0 | 1.00 |
 Involuntary movement | 7 (23.3) | 11 (18.3) | 0.967 |
 Altered consciousness | 1 (3.3) | 0 | 1.00 |
 Sleep disorder | 1(3.3) | 2 (3.3) | 1.00 |
 Neurological dysfunction | 2 (6.7) | 2 (3.3) | 1.00 |
 Fever with a headache | 3 (10.0) | 5 (8.3) | 0.692 |
 Other | 0 | 2 (3.3) | 1.00 |
Vitamin D level, n (%) | 30 | 49 | 0.072 |
 Sufficient | 10 (33.3) | 10 (20.4) |  |
 Insufficient | 2 (6.7) | 13 (26.5) |  |
 Deficient | 18 (60.0) | 26 (53.1) |  |
CSF WBC, × 106/L | 105.96 ± 430.76 | 20.18 ± 48.40 | 0.378 |
CSF protein, mg/L | 370.78 ± 475.72 | 327.82 ± 183.70 | 0.469 |
OCB ( +), n (%) | 3 (10) | 3 (5) | 0.378 |
Disease type, n (%) |  |  |  < 0.001* |
 ADEM | 11 (36.7) | 43 (71.7) |  |
 ON | 6 (20.0) | 2 (3.3) |  |
 NMOSD | 1 (3.3) | 3 (5.0) |  |
 Encephalitis | 8 (26.7) | 0 |  |
 Overlap syndrome | 4 (13.3) | 0 |  |
 MS | 0 | 4 (6.7%) |  |
 Other | 0 | 8 (13.3%) |  |
Disease duration, d | 170 (83–330.0) | 90 (23–366.0) | 0.106 |
Initial treatment time, d | 13 (8.0–36.0) | 21 (10.0–150.0) | 0.050* |
Treatment situation | |||
 Number of times | |||
  IVIG doses | 4 ± 2 | 1 ± 2 |  < 0.001* |
  Methylprednisolone pulses | 2 ± 1 | 1 ± 1 | 0.011* |
 Number of patients | |||
  IVIG doses | 5 | 10 |  |
  Methylprednisolone pulses | 24 | 47 |  |
  Rituximab | 1 | 3 |  |
Disease outcome, n (%) | Â | Â | 0.916 |
 Recovery | 25 (83.3) | 52 (86.7) |  |
 Relapse | 5 (16.7) | 8 (13.3) |  |