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Table 3 ORs (95% CIs) for inadequate sleep duration at 1 and 3 years of age according to frequency of infant consumption of yogurt and cheese at 1 year of age (n = 65,210)

From: Dietary intake of yogurt and cheese in children at age 1 year and sleep duration at age 1 and 3 years: the Japan Environment and Children’s Study

   

Cases,

Controls,

Crude modela

Adjusted modela, b

p-value for trendc

   

n

n

 

Odds ratios (95% CI)

Odds ratios (95% CI)

Sleep deprivation at 1 year of age (cross-sectional design)

 
 

Yogurt, times/week

    
  

< 1

1,261 /

12,182

 

Reference

Reference

0.793

  

1–2

1,988 /

18,624

 

1.031 (0.938–1.133)

1.000 (0.909–1.100)

 
  

3–6

1,766 /

18,045

 

0.945 (0.858–1.041)

0.939 (0.852–1.035)

 
  

≥ 7

1,022 /

10,322

 

0.956 (0.857–1.068)

0.974 (0.871–1.090)

 
 

Cheese, times/week

    
  

< 1

2,818 /

27,796

 

Reference

Reference

3.707

  

1–2

2,461 /

23,717

 

1.024 (0.952–1.100)

1.005 (0.935–1.081)

 
  

≥ 3

758 /

7,660

 

0.976 (0.877–1.087)

1.001 (0.898–1.115)

 

Sleep deprivation at 3 years of age (longitudinal design)

  
 

Yogurt, times/week

    
  

< 1

1,038 /

12,405

 

Reference

Reference

0.042

  

1–2

1,590 /

19,022

 

0.999 (0.901–1.108)

0.966 (0.870–1.073)

 
  

3–6

1,425 /

18,386

 

0.926 (0.833–1.030)

0.917 (0.824–1.020)

 
  

≥ 7

779 /

10,565

 

0.881 (0.779–0.996)

0.897 (0.791–1.016)

 
 

Cheese, times/week

    
  

< 1

2,263 /

28,351

 

Reference

Reference

2.532

  

1–2

1,935 /

24,243

 

1.000 (0.923–1.084)

0.979 (0.904–1.062)

 
  

≥ 3

634 /

7,784

 

1.021 (0.908–1.147)

1.047 (0.930–1.177)

 
  1. Bold indicates significance
  2. a 95% CI after application of Bonferroni correction corresponding to the 98.75% (= 100–5/4) CIs before Bonferroni correction
  3. b Adjusted for maternal age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, parity, highest education level, annual household income, marital status, alcohol intake, smoking history, employed, cesarean section, gestational weeks, birth weight, infant sex, major congenital anomalies, birth season, night cry, nursery
  4. c Values were multiplied by 4 so that the significance level after Bonferroni correction remains at 5%