Table 2 Comparison of clinical characteristics in 67 nosocomial K. pneumoniae bloodstream infection children between early therapy and delayed therapy groups
Characteristics | delayed therapy (n = 23) | early therapy (n = 44) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographic characteristics | |||
Male (n, %) | 13 (56.52%) | 29 (65.91%) | 0.451 |
Age (median, IQR) | 0.85 (0.52–9.75) | 5.75 (2.50–11.05) | 0.070 |
Underlying conditions | |||
Hematologic malignancy (n, %) | 7 (30.43%) | 37 (84.09%) | 0.000* |
Immunosuppression (n, %) | 9 (39.13%) | 32 (72.73%) | 0.007* |
Congenital heart disease (n, %) | 8 (34.78%) | 6 (13.64%) | 0.088 |
Sources of infection | |||
Respiratory tract (n, %) | 11 (47.83%) | 26 (59.09%) | 0.379 |
Gastrointestinal tract (n, %) | 5 (21.74%) | 9 (20.45%) | 1.000 |
Unknown source (n, %) | 5 (21.74%) | 5 (11.36%) | 0.441 |
Invasive operation (n, %) | 2 (8.70%) | 3 (6.82%) | 1.000 |
Urinary tract (n, %) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (2.27%) | 1.000 |
Drug resistant bacteria phenotypes | |||
Sulbactam resistant (n, %) | 16 (69.57%) | 24 (54.55%) | 0.234 |
Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (n, %) | 14 (60.87%) | 18 (40.91%) | 0.120 |
Cephalosporin resistant (n, %) | 9 (39.13%) | 6 (13.64%) | 0.017* |
Tazobactam resistant (n, %) | 6 (26.09%) | 8 (18.18%) | 0.660 |
Carbapenem resistant (n, %) | 3 (13.04%) | 4 (9.09%) | 0.935 |
Multidrug resistant (n, %) | 2 (8.70%) | 4 (9.09%) | 1.000 |
Aminoglycoside resistant (n, %) | 2 (8.70%) | 2 (4.55%) | 0.890 |
Empiric antimicrobial treatment (n, %) | |||
Carbapenem (n, %) | 8 (34.78%) | 30 (68.18%) | 0.009* |
Fourth-generation cephalosporin (n, %) | 3 (13.04%) | 6 (13.64%) | 1.000 |
Third-generation cephalosporin (n, %) | 6 (26.09%) | 2 (4.55%) | 0.029* |
Tazobactam (n, %) | 4 (17.39%) | 3 (6.82%) | 0.356 |
Second-generation cephalosporin (n, %) | 0 (0.00%) | 3 (6.82%) | 0.510 |
Sulbactam (n, %) | 2 (8.70%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0.114 |
Length of stay before the onset of bloodstream infection (median, IQR) | 11.75 (7.14–23.13) | 14.42 (10.50–17.19) | 0.561 |
Length of hospitalization stay (median, IQR) | 24.00 (12.92–38.88) | 30.90 (22.98–46.93) | 0.080 |
The peak of temperature (median, IQR) | 39.6 (39.1–40.0) | 39.9 (39.3–40.4) | 0.135 |
Antimicrobials administrated prior to blood culture (n, %) | 14 (60.87%) | 14 (31.82%) | 0.022* |
With secondary hypoalbuminemia during hospitalization (n, %) | 13 (56.52%) | 9 (20.45%) | 0.002* |
PRISM III scores ≥ 10 (n, %) | 3 (13.04%) | 3 (6.82%) | 0.692 |
TTP ≤ 13 h (n, %) | 7 (30.43%) | 12 (27.27%) | 0.785 |
Need for invasive mechanical ventilation (n, %) | 8 (34.78%) | 3 (6.82%) | 0.010* |
Septic shock (n, %) | 9 (39.13%) | 3 (6.82%) | 0.003* |
In-hospital mortality (n, %) | 7 (30.43%) | 2 (4.55%) | 0.010* |