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Table 2 Adverse events reported in studies with tdcs administration at various intensities and ages

From: Remotely monitored transcranial direct current stimulation in pediatric cerebral palsy: open label trial protocol

Study

Stimulation Intensity and Duration

Age

Adverse Events Reported

Furubayashi et al., (2008) [25]

Long duration (1.0 mA, 10 minutes) or short duration (100 ms, 1.0. 3.0 or 5.0 mA)

29-50 years

None

Brunoni et al., (2011) [26]

Not Reported

Mean age of 33.5 years

Itching (39.3% of active group), tingling (10.4% of active group)

Madhavan and Shah, (2012) [27]

Not Reported

Adults

Mild tingling, moderate fatigue, itching sensation under electrodes

Gillick et al., (2015) [24]

0.7 mA, 10 minutes

7-18 years

None

Gillick et al., (2018) [13]

0.7 mA, 20 minutes

Mean age of 12.7 years

Headache, itching

Rich et al., (2018) [11]

1.5 mA, 20 minutes

7-21 years

Unusual feelings on the skin of the head

Moliadze et al., (2015) [28]

1.0 mA or 0.5 mA, 10 minutes

Mean age of 13.9 years

Itching sensation

Grecco et al., (2014) [10]

1.0 mA, 20 minutes

6-10 years

Redness and tingling of the skin

Duarte et al., (2014) [29]

1.0 mA, 20 minutes

5-12 years

Redness at cathode site, tingling sensation

Moura et al., (2017) [30]

1.0 mA, 20 minutes

6-12 years

None observed

Saleem et al., (2019) [12]

0.7 mA-2mA, 9 minutes-20 minutes

4-21 years

Tingling, discomfort, itching, skin redness

Inguaggiato et al., (2019) [31]

1.5 mA, 20 minutes

10-28 years

Transient mild headache, tingling, itchiness

Van De Winckel et al., (2018) [32]

1.5 mA, 20 minutes

Mean age of 61 years

Mild tingling sensation at electrode sites

Lench et al., (2020) [19]

Mock stimulation

11-16 years

Tightness, headache