Table 4 comparisons of optimal glycemic control among type 1 DM clients, Bahir Dar city public referral hospitals, Northwest, Ethiopia, 2021 (n = 385)

Age group in years

<=5

6.8

8.5

6.05

2

0.0486

> 5–10

8

9.8

> 10–14

8.5

10.2

Sex

Male

8.5

9.9

0.92

1

0.3378

Female

7.2

9.2

Resident

Urban

7.6

9.6

0.02

1

0.8911

Rural

8

9.6

Education status of children

KG/not started

7.1

8.9

11.23

2

0.0036

Primary school

9

10.6

High school

14.8

13

Family history of diabetes

NO

7.8

8.7

0.28

1

0.5987

Yes

8

9.4

Number of clinic visit

<=4

7.7

8.5

1.31

1

0.2521

> 4

8

9.4

Adherence to diabetic care

NO

14.9

10.9

131.75

1

< 0.0001

Yes

5.7

6.7

Insulin regimen

Mixed (lent &Regular)

7.1

8.4

15.87

2

0.0004

NPH& Regular

9.2

10.1

NPH only

9.8

12.3

Duration of Diabetes in year

<  2

5.5

6.2

54.93

2

< 0.0001

[2–4)

8.6

10

> = 4

11.1

11.4

Carbohydrate count

NO

10.2

11.1

40.26

1

< 0.0001

Yes

5.5

6.9

Noncompliance

NO

6.4

8.2

42.30

1

< 0.0001

Yes

14.8

14.9

Diabetes related acute complication

NO

7.7

9.5

2.94

1

0.0862

Yes

8

9.6

Diabetic ketoacidosis

NO

6.2

9.5

0.12

1

0.7289

Yes

8

9.6

Chronic complication

NO

7.8

8.7

0.59

1

0.4434

Yes

12.1

18.5

Other complication

NO

7.8

9.5

1.02

1

0.3131

Yes

10.2

11.3

More than one complication

NO

7.8

9.3

0.21

1

0.6448

Yes

8.9

10

History of comorbidity

NO

6.3

8.3

10.85

1

0.0010

Yes

8.9

10.1

Wasting

NO

8.2

8.9

1.07

1

0.3003

Yes

6.8

8.6

Stunting

NO

7.8

8.8

0.15

1

0.7019

Yes

9.8

8.4

Cardio vascular disease

NO

7.8

8.8

0.01

1

0.9229

Yes

12.1

10.2

Pneumonia

NO

7.7

8.9

0.89

0.3460

Yes

9

8.1

Acute gastro enteritis

NO

7.7

9.4

2.05

1

0.1524

Yes

10.2

11.5

More than one comorbid illness

NO

7.7

9.5

0.21

1

0.6448

Yes

8.7

9.7