Table 2 Primary diagnosis, intervention and outcome of NRF in BW strata
From: Outcome of neonatal hypoxemic respiratory failure: a livebirth population-based retrospective survey
BW, g | < 1000 | 1000–1499 | 1500–2499 | 2500–3999 | ≥4000 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Livebirth | 34 | 212 | 1602 | 49,106 | 8102 | 59,056 |
Death at deliverya | 14 (41.2) | 5 (2.4) | 6 (0.4) | 10 (0.0) | 0 | 35 (0.1) |
Hospitalizationa | 20 (58.8) | 183 (86.3) | 1155 (72.1) | 5849 (11.9) | 753 (9.3) | 7960 (13.5) |
NRF casesa | 20 (58.8) | 136 (64.2) | 297 (18.5) | 311 (0.6) | 24 (0.3) | 788 (1.3) |
SNAPPE-II | 28 [22, 43] | 12 [5, 19] | 5 [0, 16] | 12 [5, 23] | 10 [5, 21] | 10 [5, 19] |
Non-survivor | 28 [20, 44] | 16 [10, 30] | 23 [14, 53] | 44 [24, 63] | 62 [14, 87] | 30 [16, 53] |
Survivor | 31 [19, 47] | 12 [5, 18]*** | 5 [0, 12]*** | 5 [5, 12]*** | 11 [5, 16]** | 5 [0, 14]*** |
Primary diagnosis | ||||||
Respiratory distress syndrome | 20 (100) | 98 (72.1) | 113 (38.0) | 54 (17.4) | 2 (8.3) | 287 (36.4) |
Survivalb | 6 (30.0) | 64 (65.3) | 103 (91.2) | 49 (90.7) | 2 (100) | 225 (78.4) |
Meconium aspiration syndrome | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.3) | 10 (3.2) | 2 (8.3) | 13 (1.6) |
Survivalb | 0 | 0 | 1 (100) | 4 (40.0) | 2 (100) | 7 (53.8) |
Pneumonia/sepsis | 0 | 28 (20.6) | 99 (33.3) | 139 (44.7) | 12 (50.0) | 278 (35.3) |
Survivalb | 0 | 22 (78.6) | 93 (93.9) | 124 (89.2) | 11 (91.7) | 250 (89.9) |
TRIN | 0 | 8 (5.9) | 46 (15.5) | 49 (15.8) | 4 (16.7) | 107 (13.6) |
Survivalb | 0 | 7 (87.5) | 44 (95.7) | 41 (83.7) | 4 (100) | 96 (89.7) |
Congenital anomalies | 0 | 1 (0.7) | 29 (9.8) | 46 (14.8) | 4 (16.7) | 80 (10.2) |
Survivalb | 0 | 1 (100) | 20 (69.0) | 22 (47.8) | 1 (25.0) | 44 (55.0) |
Intraventricular hemorrhage (III-IV) | 0 | 1 (0.7) | 9 (3.0) | 13 (4.2) | 0 | 23 (2.9) |
Survivalb | 0 | 1 (100) | 9 (100) | 12 (92.3) | 0 | 22 (95.7) |
Major complications | ||||||
Acquired pneumonia/sepsis | 13 (65.0) | 54 (39.7) | 55 (18.5) | 41 (13.2) | 6 (25.0) | 169 (21.4) |
Neurological impairment | 5 (25.0) | 33 (24.3) | 57 (19.2) | 56 (18.0) | 6 (25.0) | 157 (19.9) |
Air leak | 0 | 1 (0.7) | 7 (2.4) | 35 (11.3) | 4 (16.7) | 47 (6.0) |
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia | 6 (30.0) | 46 (33.8) | 15 (5.1) | 5 (1.6) | 0 | 72 (9.1) |
Pulmonary hemorrhage | 1 (5.0) | 4 (2.9) | 5 (1.7) | 18 (5.8) | 2 (8.3) | 30 (3.8) |
Persistent pulmonary hypertension | 1 (5.0) | 4 (2.9) | 12 (4.0) | 40 (12.9) | 4 (16.7) | 61 (7.7) |
Patent ductus arteriosus | 2 (10.0) | 22 (16.2) | 18 (6.1) | 32 (10.3) | 1 (4.2) | 75 (9.5) |
Necrotizing enterocolitis | 7 (35.0) | 22 (16.2) | 14 (4.7) | 1 (0.3) | 2 (8.3) | 46 (5.8) |
Retinopathy of prematurity | 4 (20.0) | 22 (16.2) | 6 (2.0) | 2 (0.6) | 1 (4.2) | 35 (4.4) |
Respiratory interventions | ||||||
Surfactant | 16 (80.0) | 82 (60.3) | 85 (28.6) | 36 (11.6) | 0 | 219 (27.8) |
CPAP | 15 (75.0) | 126 (92.6) | 274 (92.3) | 209 (67.2) | 13 (54.2) | 637 (80.8) |
CPAP only | 4 (20.0) | 58 (42.6) | 213 (71.7) | 147 (47.3) | 8 (33.3) | 430 (54.6) |
CPAP & MV | 11 (55.0) | 68 (50.0) | 61 (20.5) | 62 (19.9) | 5 (20.8) | 207 (26.3) |
MV | 15 (75.0) | 75 (55.1) | 82 (27.6) | 160 (51.4) | 16 (66.7) | 348 (44.2) |
MV initial | 8 (40.0) | 30 (22.1) | 35 (11.8) | 98 (31.5) | 12 (50.0) | 183 (23.2) |
HFOV | 7 (35.0) | 15 (11.0) | 16 (5.4) | 44 (14.1) | 3 (12.5) | 85 (10.8) |
Postnatal steroids | 3 (15.0) | 20 (14.7) | 24 (8.1) | 67 (21.5) | 10 (41.7) | 124 (15.7) |
Outcomes | ||||||
Length of ventilation, hour | 160 [47, 580] | 124 [63, 255] | 70 [41, 120] | 55 [34, 166] | 74 [41, 114] | 70 [39, 126] |
Non-survivor | 84 [32, 206] | 62 [27, 144] | 36 [21, 120] | 23 [6, 70] | 92 [40, 114] | 41 [13, 117] |
Survivor | 706 [155, 1439]*** | 160 [94, 310]*** | 71 [43, 121] | 62 [40, 98]*** | 67 [41, 125] | 72 [43, 134]*** |
Length of hospital stay, day | 16 [4, 43] | 38 [11, 54] | 20 [14, 28] | 13 [7, 17] | 15 [10, 19] | 17 [11, 27] |
Non-survivor | 7 [2, 22] | 4 [1, 12] | 3 [1, 16] | 2 [1, 3] | 6 [3, 9] | 3 [1, 8] |
Survivor | 71 [38, 111]*** | 47 [35, 57]*** | 21 [15, 30]*** | 15 [11, 19]*** | 16 [12, 21]*** | 19 [14, 30]*** |
Costs of stay, CNY, ×103 | 39 [15, 59] | 45 [16, 64] | 22 [15, 33] | 15 [9.2, 21] | 15 [12, 23] | 19 [12, 34] |
Non-survivor | 18 [6.7, 45] | 11 [3.6, 19] | 5.9 [3.0, 14] | 5.5 [2.3, 10] | 12 [9.9, 20] | 6.8 [3.3, 15] |
Survivor | 75 [44, 151]*** | 53 [42, 71]*** | 23 [16, 35]*** | 16 [12, 23]*** | 15 [12, 23] | 21 [14, 36]*** |
Mortality | 14 (70.0) | 41 (30.1) | 27 (9.1) | 59 (19.0) | 4 (16.7) | 145 (18.4) |
0–6 (PND) | 7 (35.0) | 25 (18.4) | 16 (5.4) | 45 (14.5) | 2 (8.3) | 95 (12.1) |
7–27 | 4 (20.0) | 11 (8.1) | 11 (3.7) | 12 (3.9) | 2 (8.3) | 40 (5.1) |
≥ 28 | 3 (15.0) | 5 (3.7) | 0 | 2 (0.6) | 0 | 10 (1.3) |
Withdrawal of treatment | 7 (35.0) | 29 (21.3) | 14 (4.7) | 28 (9.0) | 3 (3.7) | 81 (10.3) |