Table 1 Bivariate analyses related to maternal social and clinical characteristics (Block 1)
From: Osteopenia of prematurity and associated nutritional factors: case–control study
Total | Case (n = 46) | Control (n = 69) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | ||||
Average ± SD | 26.4 ± 7.0 | 25.9 ± 6.4 | 26.8 ± 7.4 | 0.485 |
Education, n (%) | 0.324a | |||
Illiterate | 1 (0.9) | - | 1 (1.4) | |
Incomplete elementary school | 30 (26.1) | 10 (21.7) | 20 (29.0) | |
Complete elementary school | 14 (12.2) | 9 (19.6) | 5 (7.2) | |
Incomplete high school | 15 (13.0) | 5 (10.9) | 10 (14.5) | |
Complete high school | 44 (38.3) | 16 (34.8) | 28 (40.6) | |
Incomplete higher education | 6 (5.2) | 4 (8.7) | 2 (2.9) | |
Complete higher education | 5 (4.3) | 2 (4.3) | 3 (4.3) | |
Employment link, n(%) | 0.090 | |||
Without a job | 65 (56.5) | 22 (47.8) | 43 (62.3) | |
With a job | 50 (43.5) | 24 (52.2) | 26 (37.7) | |
Marital status, n(%) | 0.166 | |||
Single | 33 (28.7) | 9 (19.6) | 24 (34.8) | |
Married | 18 (15.7) | 7 (15.2) | 11 (15.9) | |
Stable union | 64 (55.7) | 30 (65.2) | 34 (49.3) | |
Inhabitants of the municipality, n(%) | 0.632a | |||
< 10,000 | 1 (0.9) | - | 1 (1.4) | |
≥ 10,000 < 50,000 | 28 (24.3) | 9 (19.6) | 19 (27.5) | |
≥ 50,000 < 100,000 | 19 (16.5) | 8 (17.4) | 11 (15.9) | |
≥ 100,000 | 67 (58.3) | 29 (63.0) | 38 (55.1) | |
Health region, n(%) | 0.596a | |||
Fortaleza | 91 (79.1) | 37 (80.4) | 54 (78.3) | |
Sobral | 6 (5.2) | 3 (6.5) | 3 (4.3) | |
Cariri | 4 (3.5) | 1 (2.2) | 3 (4.3) | |
Sertão Central | 11 (9.6) | 5 (10.9) | 6 (8.7) | |
Litoral Leste/Jaguaribe | 3 (2.6) | - | 3 (4.3) | |
Prenatal care, n(%) | 0.263a | |||
Not performed | 8 (7.0) | 5 (10.9) | 3 (4.3) | |
Performed | 107 (93.0) | 41 (89.1) | 66 (95.7) | |
Smoking, n(%) | 0.142a | |||
No | 107 (93.0) | 45 (97.8) | 62 (89.9) | |
Yes | 8 (7.0) | 1 (2.2) | 7 (10.1) | |
Antepartum nutritional status, n(%) | 0.074a | |||
Low weight | 13 (12.4) | 5 (12.5) | 8 (12.3) | |
Adequate | 42 (40.0) | 21 (52.5) | 21 (32.3) | |
Excess weight | 50 (47.6) | 14 (35.0) | 36 (55.4) | |
Comorbidities in pregnancy, n(%) | ||||
Urinary tract infection | 45 (39.1) | 21 (45.7) | 24 (34.8) | 0.165 |
Pre-eclampsia | 41 (35.7) | 18 (39.1) | 23 (33.3) | 0.330 |
Gestational diabetes | 14 (12.2) | 3 (6.5) | 11 (15.9) | 0.156a |
HELLP syndrome | 8 (7.0) | 5 (10.9) | 3 (4.3) | 0.263a |