Impact of tight glycemic control and hypoglycemia after pediatric cardiac surgery on neurodevelopmental outcomes at three years of age: Findings from a randomized clinical trial

Table 5 Longitudinal Multivariable Regression to Evaluate the Impact of Hypoglycemia Status and Other Factors on Neurodevelopmental Outcomes (9 to 42.5 Months) in Patients Without a Genetic Anomaly (n = 353 assessments of 250 patients)

Bayley-III Composite Score	Covariates	Beta Coefficient (95% CI)	p^a
Cognitive^b	Moderate to severe hypoglycemia	–6.7 (–13.1 to –0.4)	0.04
Cognitive^b	Age at testing (per month)	–0.2 (–0.3 to –0.1)	< 0.001
Language^c	Moderate to severe hypoglycemia	–5.1 (–14.9 to 4.7)	0.31
	Maternal education: high school diploma or lower	–5.3 (–8.9 to –1.6)	0.005
	Cardiac ICU duration of stay, d
	< 2	Reference
	2–4.99	–3.0 (–6.7 to 0.8)	0.12
	≥ 5	–7.2 (–10.8 to –3.6)	< 0.001
	Age at testing (per month)	0.3 (0.2 to 0.4)	< 0.001
Motor^d	Moderate to severe hypoglycemia	–11.2 (–21.7 to –0.8)	0.04
	Single ventricle physiology	–4.2 (–7.6 to –0.7)	0.02
	Age at testing (per month)	0.2 (0.1 to 0.3)	< 0.001

Bayley-III Bayley scales of infant and toddler development, third edition, CI Confidence interval
^ap values were calculated with the use of multivariable linear regression and generalized estimating equations to account for correlation between repeated measures from individuals. Coefficients for intercept and site are not reported
^bn = 352 assessments of 249 patients, adjusted R² = 0.06
^cn = 345 assessments of 248 patients, adjusted R² = 0.17
^dn = 352 assessments of 249 patients, adjusted R² = 0.06

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