Table 2 Factors associated to exclusive breastfeeding at hospital after birth
Characteristics | Non-exclusive (n = 966) | Exclusive (n = 846) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age of mother | 29.40 ± 4.96 | 30.04 ± 5.26 | 1.02 (1.01 to 1.04) | 0.009 | 1.00(0.98 to 1.03) | 0.500 |
Mother education level | ||||||
- Primary & Secondary | 109 (39.4) | 168 (60.6) | Reference | Reference | ||
- High school/ Intermediate degree | 541 (55.1) | 441 (44.9) | 0.53 (0.4 to 0.69) | < 0.001 | 0.58 (0.42 to 0.82) | 0.002 |
- University/ Postgraduate | 312 (57.1) | 234 (42.9) | 0.49 (0.36 to 0.65) | < 0.001 | 0.74 (0.51 to 1.09) | 0.125 |
Complication during pregnancy & at birth | ||||||
- No | 874 (53.3) | 766 (46.7) | Reference | Reference | ||
- Yes | 91 (53.5) | 79 (46.5) | 0.99 (0.72 to 1.35) | 0.953 | 0.77 (0.52 to 1.14) | 0.185 |
Place of residence | ||||||
- Urban | 520 (54.9) | 428 (45.1) | Reference | Reference | ||
- Rural | 419 (52.3) | 382 (47.7) | 1.11 (0.92 to 1.34) | 0.288 | 0.78 (0.61 to 0.99) | 0.043 |
Parity | 1.87 (0.76) | 2.02 (0.8) | 1.29 (1.15 to 1.46) | < 0.001 | 1.13 (0.94 to 1.36) | 0.190 |
Mode of delivery | ||||||
- C-section | 517 (57.7) | 379 (42.3) | Reference | Reference | ||
- Vaginal delivery | 446 (48.9) | 466 (51.1) | 1.43 (1.18 to 1.72) | < 0.001 | 1.22 (0.96 to 1.55) | 0.099 |
Hospital of birth | ||||||
- Central/Provincial | 703 (60.4) | 461 (39.6) | Reference | Reference | ||
- District | 170 (35.4) | 310 (64.6) | 2.78 (2.23 to 3.47) | < 0.001 | 2.35 (1.79 to 3.09) | < 0.001 |
- Private | 80 (54.4) | 67 (45.6) | 1.28 (0.90 to 1.8) | 0.165 | 0.99 (0.65 to 1.50) | 0.972 |
Infant’s sex (male) | ||||||
-Female | 455 (51.9) | 422 (48.1) | Reference | Reference | ||
-Male | 506 (54.5) | 423 (45.5) | 0.9 (0.75 to 1.08) | 0.271 | 0.92 (0.73 to 1.16) | 0.488 |
Infant’s birth weight | 3.21 (0.42) | 3.21 (0.4) | 0.99 (0.79 to 1.24) | 0.915 | 0.79 (0.59 to 1.06) | 0.111 |
Infant’s complication at birth | ||||||
-No | Reference | Reference | ||||
-Yes | 67 (7.0) | 42 (5.0) | 0.69 (0.47 to 1.03) | 0.069 | 1.15 (0.69,1.91) | 0.593 |
Skin to skin contact practice (SSC) | ||||||
- No SSC | 175 (84.7) | 29 (15.3) | Reference | Reference | ||
- < 15 min SSC | 377 (71.9) | 147 (28.1) | 2.16 (1.41 to 3.29) | < 0.001 | 1.48 (0.92 to 2.4) | 0.108 |
- 15–90 min SSC | 333 (45.8) | 394 (54.2) | 6.54 (4.37 to 9.80) | < 0.001 | 2.62 (1.61 to 4.27) | < 0.001 |
- > 90 min SSC | 78 (22.2) | 273 (77.8) | 19.36 (12.31 to 30.45) | < 0.001 | 5.98 (3.48 to 10.28) | < 0.001 |
First breastfeeding during SSC | 270 (30.3) | 622 (69.7) | 7.15 (5.81 to 8.80) | < 0.001 | 4.24 (3.28 to 5.47) | < 0.001 |