Table 5 Characteristics associated with unsuppressed viral load at 48 weeks, among participants unsuppressed enrolment
Variable | Categories | VL > 1000 at 48 weeks | Univariable (N = 136) | Multivariable (N = 109) | Multivariable, Zimbabwe (N = 92) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | Crude OR (95% CI) | p | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p | ||
Total | 87/136 | 64.0 | |||||||
Regimen change | Yes | 4/12 | 33.3 | 1 | 0.021 | 1 | 0.020 | 1 | |
No | 83/124 | 66.9 | 4.05 (1.12–14.67) | 7.68 (1.38–42.63) | 5.55 (1.41–21.83) | 0.014 | |||
Country | Zimbabwe | 59/93 | 63.4 | 1 | 0.85 | 1 | 0.53 | ||
Malawi | 28/43 | 65.1 | 1.08 (0.50–2.30) | 1.46 (0.45–4.71) | |||||
Trial arm | Control | 47/72 | 65.3 | 1 | 0.74 | ||||
Intervention | 40/64 | 62.5 | 0.89 (0.44–1.79) | ||||||
Sex | Male | 46/77 | 59.7 | 1 | 0.24 | ||||
Female | 41/59 | 69.5 | 1.54 (0.74–3.17) | ||||||
Age at enrolment, years | 6–10 | 9/16 | 56.3 | 1 | 0.031 | 1 | 0.008 | 1 | 0.07 |
11–15 | 34/62 | 54.8 | 0.94 (0.31–2.88) | 0.82 (0.22–3.12) | 0.74 (0.15–3.61) | ||||
16–19 | 44/58 | 75.9 | 2.44 (0.75–7.98) | 6.31 (1.25–31.93) | 2.30 (0.46–11.54) | ||||
ART regimen at enrolment | NNRTI | 65/100 | 65.0 | 1 | 0.68 | ||||
PI | 22/36 | 61.1 | 0.85 (0.38–1.86) | ||||||
Duration on ART, years (N = 131) | < 2 | 3/7 | 42.9 | 1 | 0.073 | 1 | 0.24 | ||
2–5 | 29/51 | 56.9 | 1.76 (0.35–8.85) | 4.23 (0.47–37.65) | |||||
6–9 | 40/52 | 76.9 | 4.44 (0.81–24.25) | 8.57 (0.94–78.28) | |||||
> 10 | 14/21 | 66.7 | 2.67 (0.43–16.52) | 5.75 (0.55–59.75) | |||||
History of TB | Yes | 27/44 | 61.4 | 0.85 (0.40–1.79) | 0.66 | ||||
No | 60/92 | 65.2 | 1 | ||||||
Currently in school | Yes | 68/109 | 62.4 | 1 | 0.44 | ||||
No | 19/27 | 70.4 | 1.43 (0.57–3.59) | ||||||
Education of mother (N = 114) | No schooling | 10/12 | 83.3 | 1 | 0.054 | 1 | 0.093 | ||
Primary | 17/23 | 73.9 | 0.57 (0.09–3.49) | 0.67 (0.06–7.73) | |||||
Secondary | 45/75 | 60.0 | 0.30 (0.06–1.51) | 0.13 (0.01–1.30) | |||||
Tertiary | 2/4 | 50.0 | 0.29 (0.01–3.02) | 0.12 (0.00–3.31) | |||||
Study drug adherence (N = 131) | Adherent | 61/101 | 60.4 | 1 | 0.20 | ||||
Non-adherent | 22/30 | 73.3 | 1.80 (0.72–4.49) | ||||||
Any unscheduled clinic visit for illness | Yes | 64/102 | 62.8 | 1.24 (0.54, 2.84) | 0.61 | ||||
No | 23/34 | 67.7 | 1 | ||||||