Parent-perceived neighbourhood environment, parenting practices and preschool-aged children physical activity and screen time: a cross-sectional study of two culturally and geographically diverse cities

Table 4 Interaction effects between parent-perceived neighbourhood physical activity places and facilities, safety-related attributes and physical-activity-related parenting practices on preschool-aged children’s physical activity and screen time

Neighbourhood environmental attribute	Moderator	Outcome	Association at below average value of moderator	Association at average value of moderator	Association at above average value of moderator
			Reg. coef. (95% CI)	Reg. coef. (95% CI)	Reg. coef. (95% CI)
Availability of places for children’s PA	Informal social control - civic engagement for neighbourhood enhancement	MVPA – weekday	e^b = 0.99 (0.96, 1.01)	e^b = 1.01 (0.99, 1.02)	e^b = 1.03^*(1.01, 1.05)
Availability of places for children’s PA	Informal social control - civic engagement for neighbourhood enhancement	Total PA – weekend day	b = 0.24 (−2.84, 3.33)	b = 2.91^*(0.47, 5.35)	b = 5.58^**(1.86, 9.31)
Availability of active-play equipment	Traffic hazards	Total PA – weekend day	b = 6.36^*(0.37, 12.34)	b = 2.02 (−1.46, 5.51)	b = −2.31 (−6.34, 1.72)
Availability of places for children’s PA	Parental engagement	Total PA - weekday	b = 3.32^*(0.69, 5.94)	b = 1.02 (−1.14, 3.18)	b = −1.28 (−4.22, 1.66)
Availability of active-play equipment	Parental engagement	MVPA - weekday	e^b = 0.96^*(0.94, 0.99)	e^b = 1.00 (0.98, 1.02)	e^b = 1.05^*(1.00, 1.11)
Signs of physical and social disorder	Restrictions for safety concerns	Screen time – weekend day	b = −0.46 (−1.19, 0.27)	b = 0.07 (−0.38, 0.53)	b = 0.61^*(0.11, 1.10)

b, estimate of unstandardised regression coefficient; e^b, exponentiated estimate of unstandardised regression coefficient; CI confidence interval, PA physical activity, MVPA moderate-to-vigorous physical activity
^*p < .05; ^** p < .01. All models were adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics. Models of total PA and MVPA were adjusted for average accelerometer wear time. Regression coefficients of neighbourhood environmental attributes moderated by other environmental attributes were not adjusted for PA-related parenting practices. Below and above average value of moderator means respectively 1 standard deviation below and above the moderator’s mean. Only statistically significant (p < .05) interaction effects are reported in this table. Table S3 reports all tested interaction effects (statistically significant and not significant)

ISSN: 1471-2431