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Table 3 Associations of caregivers’ perceptions of neighbourhood environmental attributes and physical-activity-related parenting practices with preschool-aged children’s physical activity and screen time: main and child sex-specific effects

From: Parent-perceived neighbourhood environment, parenting practices and preschool-aged children physical activity and screen time: a cross-sectional study of two culturally and geographically diverse cities

Correlate

Measurement period

Total PA (min/day) [accelerometer-assessed]

MVPA (min/day) [accelerometer-assessed]

Screen time (hr/day) [parent-reported]

 

b (95% CI)

eb (95% CI)

b (95% CI)

Neighbourhood environmental attribute

PA destinations and facilities

 Availability of places for children’s PA

Weekday

0.79 (−1.40, 2.98)

1.01 (0.99, 1.03)

0.04 (−0.08, 0.16)

Weekend

3.16 (0.73, 5.59)*

1.01 (0.99, 1.03)

−0.04 (−0.15, 0.07)

 Availability of active-play equipment in the home/neighbourhood

Weekday

−0.24 (−2.98, 2.51)

1.00 (0.98, 1.02)

0.17 (−0.02, 0.36)

Weekend

1.41 (−1.93, 4.75)

1.00 (0.98, 1.03)

0.06 (−0.13, 0.24)

Physical safety-related attributes

 Traffic hazards

Weekday

0.83 (−9.27, 10.92)

0.99 (0.91, 1.07)

0.06 (−0.50, 0.50)

Weekend

−0.74 (−13.30, 11.82)

0.98 (0.89, 1.09)

0.15 (−0.50, 0.80)

 Signs of physical and social disorder

Weekday

0.45 (−10.50, 11.40)

1.01 (0.92, 1.11)

0.02 (−0.45, 0.50)

Weekend

4.31 (−8.52, 17.13)

1.01 (0.91, 1.11)

0.23 (−0.30, 0.75)

Social safety-related attributes

 Community cohesion

Weekday

10.17 (1.80, 18.54)*

1.04 (0.96, 1.13)

−0.44 (−0.85, −0.02)*

Weekend

13.51 (3.25, 25.58)**

1.09 (1.02, 1.17)**

0.02 (−0.48, 0.51)

 Informal social control – education and supervision of children

Weekday

−6.89 (−17.62, 3.83)

0.93 (0.85, 1.01)

0.32 (−0.20, 0.83)

Weekend

M: −2.20 (−17.84, 13.44)

F: −29.66 (−49.43, −9.89)**

0.93 (0.84, 1.02)

−0.05 (−0.52, 0.42)

 Informal social control – civic engagement for neighbourhood enhancement

Weekday

5.51 (−4.94, 15.95)

1.02 (0.94, 1.11)

−0.17 (−0.71, 0.37)

Weekend

M: −3.65 (−15.96, 8.66)

F: 23.38 (3.47, 43.30)**

1.09 (1.01, 1.20)*

0.14 (−0.31, 0.59)

PA-related parenting practices

 Parental engagement

Weekday

−4.63 (13.90, 4.62)

0.99 (0.91, 1.08)

−0.43 (−0.83, −0.03)*

Weekend

0.23 (−1.76, 11.22)

1.07 (0.98, 1.18)

0.14 (−0.32, 0.60)

 Restrictions for safety concerns

Weekday

0.41 (−5.02, 5.84)

0.99 (0.94, 1.03)

0.09 (−0.18, 0.36)

Weekend

0.79 (−6.26, 7.83)

1.01 (0.96, 1.07)

0.22 (−0.13, 0.56)

 Psychological control

Weekday

M: 10.05 (0.42, 19.68)*

F: −5.72 (−13.50, 2.06)

M: 1.10 (1.01, 1.20)*

F: 0.95 (0.90, 1.02)

−0.28 (−0.68, 0.13)

Weekend

−0.67 (−11.42, 10.08)

0.90 (0.91, 1.07)

−0.03 (−0.44, 0.38)

 Promoting inactivity

Weekday

2.59 (−6.12, 11.31)

1.04 (0.96, 1.12)

0.19 (−0.27, 0.65)

Weekend

−3.23 (−14.81, 8.34)

0.95 (0.86, 1.04)

0.20 (−0.34, 0.73)

 Promoting screen time

Weekday

−5.68 (−13.14, 1.79)

0.97 (0.94, 1.03)

0.99 (0.69, 1.29)***

Weekend

−6.89 (−16.50, 2.72)

0.95 (0.89, 1.02)

0.59 (0.27, 0.90)***

  1. M males, F females, b estimate of unstandardised regression coefficient, eb, exponentiated estimate of unstandardised regression coefficient, CI confidence interval, PA physical activity, MVPA moderate-to-vigorous physical activity
  2. *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001. All models were adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics. Models of total PA and MVPA were adjusted for average accelerometer wear time. Regression coefficients of neighbourhood environmental attributes were not adjusted for PA-related parenting practices. However, regression coefficients of PA-related parenting practices were adjusted for neighbourhood environmental attributes