Table 2 Maternal and neonatal demographic and clinical characteristics by the ASQ-3 results

Age, years

33 (30–37)

31 (27–35)

0.089

Parity

2 (2–4)

3 (2–4)

0.373

Gestational diabetes

4 (13.3%)

47 (17.5%)

0.562

Pregnancy-induced hypertension

4 (13.3%)

22 (8.2%)

0.346

Maternal nationality

Kuwaiti

9 (30%)

103 (38.4%)

0.366

Non-Kuwaiti

21 (70%)

165 (61.6%)

Educational level

Diploma and above

20 (66.7%)

180 (67.2%)

0.956

Gestational age at SARS-CoV-2 infection

1^st trimester

4 (13.3%)

1 (0.4%)

 < 0.001*

2^nd trimester

6 (20%)

14 (5.2%)

3^rd trimester

20 (66.7%)

253 (94.4%)

Maternal fever

10 (35.7%)

113 (42.8%)

0.47

Asymptomatic

11 (37.9%)

92 (39.7%)

0.858

Severe maternal COVID-19

1 (6.7%)

11 (6.9%)

0.966

Maternal ECMO

0

3 (1.1%)

0.879

Maternal total duration of symptoms

5 (3–10)

7 (3–10)

0.651

Mode of delivery

Vaginal birth

14 (46.7%)

156 (58.2%)

0.226

Cesarean section

16 (53.3%)

112 (41.8%)

Multiple gestation

0

13 (6.4%)

0.312

Gestational age, weeks, median (IQR)

38 (37–39)

38 (37–39)

0.922

Gestational age

 ≤ 31 weeks

4 (13%)

10 (3.7%)

0.002*

 > 31 weeks

27 (90%)

258 (96.2%)

Birth weight, grams

2950 (2400–3400)

3030 (2680–3440)

0.355

Male

13 (43.3%)

154 (57.5%)

0.139

SARS-CoV-2 infection, PCR

0

2 (0.7%)

0.363

Neonatal diagnosis

Prematurity

6 (20%)

49 (18.3%)

0.818

Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia

1 (3.3%)

5 (1.9%)

Transient tachypnoea of the newborn

2 (6.6%)

4 (1.5%)

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

1 (3.3%)

1 (0.4%)

Congenital heart disease

0

1 (0.4%)

Myelomeningocele

0

1 (0.4%)

Aqueduct stenosis

0

1 (0.4%)

Early-onset Klebsiella sepsis

0

1 (0.4%)

Epidermolysis bullosa

0

1 (0.4%)

Type of feeding in the first 6 months of life

Bottle feeding (formula)

13 (43.3%)

137 (51.5%)

0.690

Breastfeeding (breast milk)

9 (30%)

66 (24.8%)

Mixed feeding

8 (26.7%)

63 (23.7%)

Further hospitalization in the 1^st 8–10 months of life

2 (6.7%)

26 (9.9%)

0.57