Table 4 Literature review of AGD reference ranges in term newborns of both sexes among different countries

USA [18] (2021)

13.0 ± 2.0

35.0 ± 3.0

0.37 ± 0.07

21.0 ± 4.0

50.0 ± 4.0

0.42 ± 0.07

USA [8] (2015)

16.0 ± 3.2

36.7 ± 3.9

-

24.7 ± 4.5

49.6 ± 5.9

-

European countries (Multicenter) [19] (2020)

14.8 ± 3.5

37.8 ± 4.5

0.39 ± 0.10

24.6 ± 4.7

47.6 ± 5.8

0.49 ± 0.10

Turkey [17] (2011)

10.3 ± 0.2

30.0 ± 0.2

0.30 ± 0.10

23.0 ± 0.6

56.0 ± 1.0

0.48 ± 0.80

Ghana [5] (2017)

13.6 ± 2.7

34.2 ± 3.3

-

25.5 ± 5.0

48.9 ± 5.6

-

UK [16] (2009)

9.1 ± 2.8

-

-

19.8 ± 6.1

-

-

Nigeria [20] (2019)

-

-

-

25.5 ± 3.9

48.7 ± 3.9

-

Korea [21] (2015)

-

-

-

23.0 ± 2.0

42.0 ± 3.0

-

Present study

16.5 ± 3.9

42.6 ± 6.2

0.39 ± 0.08

25.2 ± 4.8

52.6 ± 6.9

0.48 ± 0.08

Summary^a

13.2 ± 2.9

35.9 ± 3.9

0.37 ± 0.09

23.7 ± 4.8

49.7 ± 5.2

0.47 ± 0.36