Table 4 Multinomial logistic regression results: Prevalence of breakfast skipping (relative risk ratio) by grade, socioeconomic status, and geographical remoteness among female South Australian students in grades 4–12 in 2019 (n = 34,909)

Grade

4–5

1374 (14.3)

ref

–

1072 (11.2)

ref

–

381 (4.0)

ref

–

6–7

1770 (18.7)

1.65 (1.52–1.78)

<0.001

1717 (18.2)

2.05 (1.88–2.23)

<0.001

687 (7.3)

2.31 (2.03–2.63)

<0.001

8–9

1494 (19.2)

2.46 (2.26–2.67)

<0.001

2089 (26.9)

4.40 (4.04–4.79)

<0.001

1196 (15.4)

7.09 (6.27–8.02)

<0.001

10–12

1444 (17.8)

2.65 (2.43–2.89)

<0.001

2461 (30.4)

5.79 (5.32–6.30)

<0.001

1516 (18.7)

10.03 (8.89–11.32)

<0.001

Socio-economic status

Quintile 1

1479 (16.6)

1.20 (1.10–1.31)

<0.001

2214 (24.8)

2.10 (1.94–2.29)

<0.001

1316 (14.7)

2.81 (2.52–3.14)

<0.001

Quintile 2

966 (16.7)

1.10 (1.00–1.21)

0.057

1336 (23.1)

1.78 (1.62–1.95)

<0.001

676 (11.7)

2.03 (1.79–2.29)

<0.001

Quintile 3

1013 (18.0)

1.16 (1.06–1.27)

0.002

1229 (21.9)

1.65 (1.50–1.81)

<0.001

600 (10.7)

1.81 (1.60–2.06)

<0.001

Quintile 4

1257 (17.5)

1.03 (0.95–1.13)

0.474

1395 (19.4)

1.34 (1.23–1.47)

<0.001

670 (9.3)

1.45 (1.29–1.64)

<0.001

Quintile 5

1367 (18.5)

ref

–

1165 (15.8)

ref

–

518 (7.0)

ref

–

Geographical remoteness

Major Cities

4134 (17.2)

ref

–

4925 (20.5)

ref

–

2507 (10.4)

ref

–

Inner Regional

933 (17.8)

1.14 (1.05–1.24)

0.002

1199 (22.9)

1.23 (1.14–1.33)

<0.001

629 (12.0)

1.27 (1.15–1.40)

<0.001

Outer Regional

785 (17.9)

1.11 (1.02–1.21)

0.019

942 (21.5)

1.12 (1.03–1.21)

0.007

517 (11.8)

1.21 (1.09–1.34)

<0.001

Remote/Very Remote

230 (18.5)

1.14 (0.97–1.33)

0.108

273 (22.0)

1.13 (0.98–1.31)

0.097

127 (10.2)

1.03 (0.85–1.26)

0.735