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Table 2 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients admitted to the PICU with available and missing data

From: Internal validation and evaluation of the predictive performance of models based on the PRISM-3 (Pediatric Risk of Mortality) and PIM-3 (Pediatric Index of Mortality) scoring systems for predicting mortality in Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs)

Characteristics

PICU mortality

P-Value

In-hospital mortality

P-Value

Missing data

Number of Missing

Non-survive N = 304

Survive N = 2142

Non-Survive N = 395

Survive N = 2051

(N = 338)

Demographics

 Age (Month)

5.9(0.67–49.4)

4(0.67–22)

0.013 a

6.4(0.9–51)

3.93(0.63–21.17)

< 0.001 a

3.6 (0.27–18.5)

0

 Neonate (< 1 month)

82(27.0%)

604(28.2%)

0.023 c

101(14.8%)

585(85.2%)

< 0.001 c

100(29.6%)

0

 Infant (1–12 month)

94(30.9%)

824(38.3%)

125(13.7%)

790(86.3%)

136(40.2%)

0

 Child (12–144 month)

117(38.5%)

675(31.5%)

150(19%)

642(81%)

98(29%)

0

 Adolescent (> 144 month)

11(3.6%)

42(2.0%)

19(4.8%)

34(1.7%)

4(1.2%)

0

 Male

161(53.0%)

1218(56.9%)

0.20 c

209(9%)

1170(47%)

0.13 c

197(58.3)

0

 Female

143(47.0%)

924(43.1%)

186(7.4%)

881(36.6%)

141(41.7)

0

Vital signs

 Temperature(°C)

37(36.5–37.5)

37(36–37)

0.015 a

37(36–37.5)

37(36.8–37.4)

0.14 a

37(36–37.4)

60

 Diastolic (mmHg)

56(40–70)

55(44–68)

0.682 a

56(40–69)

55(44–68)

0.561 a

55(43–69)

42

 Systolic (mmHg)

95(73.2–111.8)

97(81–110)

0.038 a

95(75–111)

97(81–110)

< 0.001 a

98(79–109)

42

 Fio2(mmHg)

40(29–90)

21(21–40)

< 0.001 a

40(29–80)

21(21–40)

< 0.001 a

21(21–40)

0

 RR (breaths/min)

38(28–44)

38(28–44)

0.114 a

35(25–45)

37(28–44)

0.274 a

35(25–42)

35

 Pupillary response

Normal

232(76.3%)

2075(96.9%)

< 0.001b

1996(81.6%)

311(12.7%)

< 0.001b

321(95.5%)

0

Abnormal

72(23.7%)

67(3.1%)

55(2.3%)

84(3.4%)

15(4.5%)

0

Lab result tests

 Glucose (mg/dL)

124.5(92–178)

110(87–143)

< 0.001 a

122(90–170)

110(87–143)

0.001 a

93(71–129.7)

0

 Urea (mg/dL)

32.8(19–51)

21(14–33)

< 0.001 a

30(18–48)

21(14–33)

< 0.001 a

20(14–30)

0

 Cr (mg/dL)

0.90(0.5–1)

0.5(0.5–0.7)

< 0.001 a

0.85(0.5–0.9)

0.78(0.5–0.7)

< 0.001 a

0.58(0.5–0.71)

0

 K (mEq/L)

4.3(3.5–4.9)

4.4(3.9–4.8)

0.022 a

4.3(3.5–4.9)

4.4(3.9–4.8)

0.003 a

4.22(3.7–4.7)

48

 GCS

12(7–15)

15(13–15)

< 0.001 a

12(7–15)

15(13–15)

< 0.001 a

15(13–15)

71

 Plate let (103 cells/mm3)

155(56.5–273)

296(202–419)

< 0.001 a

159(56–278)

300(207–421)

< 0.001 a

291(183–432)

89

 PT

14.5(12.6–20.7)

13(12–14)

< 0.001 a

14(12.5–19.4)

13(12–14)

< 0.001 a

13(12–14)

97

 PTT

36(30–48)

32(29–36)

< 0.001 a

35(30–45)

32(29–36)

< 0.001 a

32(30–37)

65

 HR (beats/min)

139(118–156.7)

136(120–153)

0.455 a

138(119–156)

136(120–153)

0.427 a

133(120–151)

42

 WBC (103 cells/mm3)

11.7(6.4–17.3)

8.3(11.6–16.1)

0.394 a

11.4(6.1–17.0)

11.7 (8.4–16.1)

0.041 a

11(8.5–15.8)

89

 PCO2(mmHg)

32(26.5–39.7)

32.4(26.6–39)

0.480 a

35(27–42)

32(26–38)

0.775 a

36.9(30.1–43.4)

18

 PH

7.34(7.24–7.41)

7.37(7.30–7.41)

< 0.001 a

7.34(7.26–7.41)

7.37(7.30–7.41)

< 0.001 a

7.34(7.29–7.39)

18

 TCO2(mEq/L)

20.4(16.1–23.6)

21(18–236)

0.06 a

21(16.5–24.2)

21(18–23.5)

0.384 a

21.34(19–24.3)

18

 PaO2(mmHg)

94(92–99)

95.9(95–99)

0.004 a

93.93(92–99)

96.04(94–100)

< 0.001 a

97(95–99)

18

 Readmission

79(26%)

523(24.4%)

0.298 b

105(26.6%)

497(24.2%)

0.176 b

138(40.8%)

0

Type admission

 Emergency

108(35.3%)

618(28.9%)

0.008 c

584(25%)

142(5%)

0.001 c

133(39.3%)

0

 Referral

142(46.7%)

1035(48.3%)

995(41%)

182(7%)

171(50.6%)

0

 Elective

54(17.8%)

489(22.8%)

472(20%)

71(2%)

34(10.1%)

0

Type of diagnosis based on PIM-3

 Very High Risk

104(34.2%)

98(4.5%)

< 0.001 c

127(32.2%)

75(3.7%)

< 0.001 c

11(3.3%)

0

 High Risk

42(13.8%)

46(2.1%)

53(13.4%)

35(1.7%)

3(0.9%)

0

 Low Risk

36(11.8%)

174(8.1%)

51(12.9%)

159(7.8%)

5(1.5%)

0

 Mechanical ventilation

70(23%)

159(7.45%)

< 0.001 b

89(3.7%)

140(5.7%)

< 0.001b

39(11.5%)

0

 PRISM-3 score

12(8,19)

5(2,8.2)

< 0.001 a

11(7,19)

5(2,8)

< 0.001 a

5(2–9)

0

 PIM-3 score

4(2,9)

2.(2,3)

< 0.001 a

4(2,8)

2.(2,3)

< 0.001 a

2(2–4)

0

 LOS in Hospital (day)

11(5–23.7)

8(4–15)

< 0.001 a

12(5–26)

8(4–15)

< 0.001 a

9(4–17)

0

 LOS in ICU (day)

8(3–18.5)

7(3.7–13)

< 0.029 a

8(3–19)

7(4–12)

0.004 a

7(4–14)

0

Type of diagnosis based on the ICD-10

 Congenital malformation

62(20.4%)

539(25.2%)

0.365 c

88(22.3%)

513(85.3%)

0.266 c

114(33.7%)

0

 Diseases of the digestive system

43(14.1%)

296(13.8%)

54(13.7%)

285(84.0%)

63(18.6%)

0

 Diseases of the respiratory system

42(13.8%)

224(10.5%)

51(12.9%)

215(80.8%)

31(9.2) %

0

 Neoplasms, Diseases of the blood

34(11.2%)

167(7.8%)

43(10.9%)

158(78.6%)

17(5.1%)

0

 Diseases of genitourinary system

15(4.9%)

94(4.4%)

23(5.82%)

86(78.8%)

11 (3.3%)

0

 Infectious diseases

15(4.9%)

115(5.4%)

22(5.6%)

108(83%)

8 (2.4%)

0

 Metabolic diseases

15(4.9%)

102(4.8%)

18(4.6%)

99(84.6%)

12 (3.6%)

0

 Diseases of the circulatory system

10(3.3%)

73(3.4%)

14(3.5%)

69(83.1%)

10 (3%)

0

 Diseases of the nervous system

8(2.6%)

55(2.6%)

8(2%)

55(87.3%)

7(2.1%)

0

 Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period

6(2%)

61(2.8%)

7(1.8%)

60(89.6%)

15(4.4%)

0

 Other disease

54(17.8%)

416(19.3%)

67(16.9%)

403(85.8%)

50(14.7%)

0

  1. Values represented as median (IQR)
  2. Abbreviations: Cr creatinine; potassium, GCS Glasgow coma scale, PT Prothrombin Time, PTT Partial Thromboplastin Time, HR Heart Rate, WBC White Blood Cell, PCO2 Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, TCO2 Total Carbon Dioxide, PaO2 partial pressure of oxygen, FiO2 Fraction of inspired oxygen, RR Respiratory Rate, ICD10 International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision
  3. a Analysis by Mann-Whitney U. b Analysis by Fisher’s exact test. c Analysis by Chi-square test
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