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Table 4 Bivariate analysis of health-related quality of life’s determinants based on proxy-report

From: Health-related quality of life profile of Indonesian children and its determinants: a community-based study

Variable

Total score

Physical Functioning

Psychosocial Functioning

Emotional Functioning

Social Functioning

School Functioning

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Age

 Children (2–12 Years) (n = 396)

91.77 (7.42)**

96.05 (6.84)

90.29 (8.89)**

87.50 (12.90)**

95.04 (9.03)**

88.34 (12.68)*

 Adolescence (13–18 Years) (n = 237)

94.78 (4.82)

96.86 (5.16)

94.10 (5.58)

92.15 (9.90)

98.90 (3.30)

90.97 (9.28)

Child gender

 Male (n = 328)

92.86 (6.57)

96.78 (5.00)

91.50 (7.88)

89.18 (12.27)

96.89 (7.12)

88.29 (12.18)*

 Female (n = 305)

92.94 (6.90)

95.89 (7.38)

91.94 (8.18)

89.31 (11.88)

96.05 (8.16)

90.46 (10.78)

Number of children in the family

  < =2 (n = 422)

92.76 (7.11)

96.25 (6.70)

91.56 (8.44)

89.18 (12.54)

96.40 (7.59)

89.15 (11.90)

  > 2 (n = 211)

93.17 (5.90)

96.55 (5.31)

92.02 (7.12)

89.36 (11.10)

96.66 (7.77)

89.75 (10.86)

Child position in the family

 1st child (n = 270)

92.92 (6.97)

96.28 (6.14)

91.77 (8.22)

89.07 (12.80)

96.70 (7.43)

89.60 (10.88)

 2nd or more (n = 363)

92.88 (6.55)

96.40 (6.38)

91.67 (7.88)

89.37 (11.52)

96.32 (7.81)

89.15 (12.08)

Birth weight

  < 2500 g (n = 38)

90.49 (8.55)*

94.74 (6.70)

89.09 (10.44)*

83.82 (17.02)**

95.00 (9.72)

87.96 (11.94)

  > 2500 g (n = 574)

93.02 (6.56)

96.39 (6.32)

91.86 (7.77)

89.53 (11.65)

96.59 (7.43)

89.44 (11.45)

Mode of delivery

 Normal (n = 528)

93.20 (6.58)**

96.49 (6.48)

92.10 (7.70)**

89.74 (11.50)*

96.76 (7.39)*

89.61 (11.37)

 SC (n = 104)

91.33 (7.25)

95.64 (5.10)

89.72 (9.29)

86.68 (14.51)

95.05 (8.77)

87.73 (12.54)

History of illness in the past one1 month

 Yes (n = 313)

91.02 (7.43)**

94.95 (7.34)**

89.67 (8.72)**

86.44 (13.27)**

95.42 (8.55)**

87.01 (12.59)**

 No (n = 320)

94.73 (5.36)

97.72 (4.63)

93.71 (6.71)

91.98 (10.07)

97.53 (6.49)

91.57 (10.02)

Location

 Urban (n = 549)

92.84 (6.81)

96.37 (6.39)

91.63 (8.10)

89.14 (11.97)

96.47 (7.82)

89.29 (11.67)

 Rural (n = 84)

93.28 (6.19)

96.21 (5.43)

92.24 (7.51)

89.88 (12.82)

96.61 (6.41)

89.80 (10.88)

Fathers’ educational level

 Basic education (n = 195)

91.83 (7.31)**

95.66 (7.40)

90.55 (8.78)*

87.90 (13.36)

96.08 (8.74)

87.35 (12.04)**

 Higher education (n = 438)

93.37 (6.40)

96.66 (5.67)

92.23 (7.61)

89.84 (11.42)

96.67 (7.11)

90.24 (11.25)

Mothers educational level

 Basic education (n = 195)

93.47 (6.05)

96.27 (7.44)

92.56 (7.08)

90.31 (11.03)

97.15 (6.73)

89.65 (10.99)

 Higher education (n = 438)

92.64 (7.00)

96.39 (5.68)

91.33 (8.39)

88.77 (12.50)

96.19 (8.01)

89.22 (11.81)

Working parents

 Both (n = 285)

93.27 (6.63)

96.36 (5.34)

92.19 (8.03)

89.40 (12.42)

96.89 (7.61)

90.39 (11.10)*

 One or none (n = 348)

92.59 (6.80)

96.35 (6.95)

91.32 (8.00)

89.11 (11.80)

96.15 (7.68)

88.49 (11.88)

Insurance

 Paid by government or have no insurance (n = 371)

92.42 (6.84)*

96.04 (6.06)

91.16 (8.07)*

88.91 (11.98)

96.15 (7.95)

88.37 (11.37)*

 Self- funding (n = 262)

93.57 (6.52)

96.80 (6.54)

92.49 (7.90)

89.71 (12.21)

96.97 (7.18)

90.69 (11.22)

  1. *p < 0.05 **p < 0.01
  2. Analysis using Independent -sample T-test, SD Standard deviation