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Table 4 Univariate and multivariable logistic regression for determinants of whether or not MBF for the first 6 months

From: The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on maternal delivery experiences and breastfeeding practices in China: data from a cross-sectional study

6-month mostly breastfeeding rate

N (%)

Univariate analysis

Multivariable Logistic Regression

Non-MBF

MBF

P value

95% CI for OR

(N = 662)

(N = 1138)

(T = 1800)

OR

Lower

Upper

P value

Infant born before/during lockdown?

1800 (100)

  

0.003

    

 born before lockdown

 

479 (39.1)

746 (60.9)

 

ref

   

 born during lockdown

 

184 (31.9)

392 (68.1)

 

1.43

1.08

1.90

0.012

Maternal age (years)a

1764 (98)

31.8 ± 4.3

31.2 ± 4.1

0.000

0.96

0.93

0.99

0.011

Total years of maternal full-time education

1769 (98.3)

15.4 ± 2.5

15.3 ± 2.6

0.620

1.02

0.96

1.07

0.618

Household annual income in CNY

1417 (78.7)

  

0.781

    

 < 200,000

 

239 (37.2)

404 (62.8)

 

ref

   

 200,000-300,000

 

161 (39.2)

250 (60.8)

 

0.94

0.69

1.29

0.700

 > 300,000

 

135 (37.2)

228 (62.8)

 

1.36

0.96

1.93

0.089

Maternal social class b

1706 (94.8)

  

0.233

    

 IV & V

 

185 (35.1)

342 (64.9)

 

ref

   

 III

 

197 (35.6)

357 (64.4)

 

1.08

0.76

1.53

0.666

 I & II

 

247 (39.5)

379 (60.5)

 

0.77

0.55

1.07

0.113

Building living c

1627 (90.4)

  

0.204

    

 Bungalow

 

5 (55.6)

4 (44.4)

 

ref

   

 T apartment without garden

 

79 (33.5)

157 (66.5)

 

3.82

0.66

22.13

0.134

 T apartment with garden

 

119 (33.2)

239 (66.8)

 

4.75

0.83

27.16

0.080

 B apartment no garden

 

83 (36.4)

145 (63.6)

 

3.67

0.64

21.21

0.146

 B apartment with garden

 

302 (39.4)

465 (60.6)

 

2.82

0.50

15.84

0.240

 Villa with garden

 

9 (30)

21 (70)

 

3.53

0.50

25.18

0.208

whether had support from families/friends after birth

1797 (99.8)

  

0.360

    

 No

 

36 (41.4)

51 (58.6)

 

ref

   

 Yes

 

625 (36.5)

1086 (63.5)

 

1.95

1.06

3.59

0.032

Enough infant feeding support?

1784 (99.1)

  

0.053

    

 not enough

 

23 (50)

23 (50)

 

ref

   

 enough

 

628 (36.1)

1111 (63.9)

 

1.44

0.69

3.03

0.334

Enough support with own health?

1686 (93.7)

  

0.060

    

 not enough

 

68 (43.3)

89 (56.7)

 

ref

   

 enough

 

548 (35.8)

982 (64.2)

 

1.42

0.90

2.24

0.135

Contact with a health professional (/week)

1776 (98.7)

  

0.050

    

 Never

 

428 (38.9)

673 (61.1)

 

ref

   

 1–3 times/week

 

183 (34.3)

351 (65.7)

 

1.05

0.77

1.43

0.759

 4+ times/week

 

43 (30.3)

99 (69.7)

 

1.12

0.65

1.94

0.684

Discuss health issues in mothers’ group online (/week)

1778 (98.8)

  

0.040

    

 Never

 

305 (39.9)

459 (60.1)

 

ref

   

 1–3 times/week

 

251 (35.6)

455 (64.4)

 

1.23

0.91

1.68

0.177

 4+ times/week

 

99 (32)

210 (68)

 

1.66

1.09

2.53

0.019

Mode of delivery

1796 (99.8)

  

0.000

    

 Vaginal

 

387 (33.4)

772 (66.6)

 

ref

   

 Caesarean

 

275 (43.1)

363 (56.9)

 

0.77

0.59

1.01

0.059

whether COVID impacted birth location

1782 (99)

  

0.584

    

 Yes

 

41 (34.5)

78 (65.5)

 

ref

   

 No

 

615 (37)

1049 (63)

 

1.67

0.96

2.90

0.067

COVID impact on purchasing daily necessities

1785 (99.2)

  

0.355

    

 Moderate-great impact

 

294 (35.6)

532 (64.4)

 

ref

   

 Little or no impact

 

362 (37.7)

598 (62.3)

 

0.80

0.61

1.04

0.096

  1. Notes: MBF Mostly breastfeeding, CI confidence interval, DL mothers who delivered during the lockdown, BL mothers who delivered before the lockdown. Factors controlled for included maternal socio-economic status (education, income, social class), living conditions, cohabitation with family members (“Who did you live with during the lockdown?”), gestational age, health advice-seeking behaviour (“Frequency of discussing with health professionals/chatting in breastfeeding support group”), support (“Did you receive enough support from health professionals/family members?”), and the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on maternal daily life
  2. a Younger maternal age as reference
  3. b Class IV&V mainly refer to manual labor jobs which don’t require high education experience; Jobs in class III & II require certain training, certifications, licenses and degree to qualify; Jobs in class I involve professional careers which require advanced degree, high-end skills or expertise
  4. c T-apartment is a type of apartment building with around ten residents live in each floor; and B-apartment is a type of apartment with less than three residents live in each floor