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Table 4 Associationsa between Maternal and birth characteristics and the children’s in- and outpatient visits separately, and any morbidity both including and excluding chapter XVI Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period

From: Maternal advanced age, single parenthood, and ART increase the risk of child morbidity up to five years of age

 

Outpatient visits

0-10 vs 11- visits

Inpatient visits

0-1 vs 2 visits

Any Morbidityb

(incl chap XVI)

Any Morbidityb (excl chap XVI)

 

aOR (95% CI)

aOR (95% CI)

aOR (95% CI)

aOR (95% CI)

Maternal age

 ≤39 years

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 ≥40 years

0.97 (0.89-1.06)

0.93 (0.85-1.02)

0.88 (0.82-0.94)

0.88 (0.82-0.94)

Civil status

 Married/ cohabiting

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Single status at registration

1.09 (0.94-1.27)

0.96 (0.82-1.12)

1.05 (0.93-1.19)

1.06 (0.93-1.19)

Assisted reproductive technologyc

 No

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Yes

1.18 (0.98-1.41)

0.95 (0.79-1.15)

1.39 (1.18-1.64)

1.46 (1.24-1.71)

Gender

 Boy

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Girl

0.66 (0.60-0.72)

0.64 (0.59-0.70)

0.72 (0.67-0.77)

0.72 (0.68-0.77)

Size for gestational age

 Average for gestational age

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Small for gestational age

1.18 (0.91-1.53)

1.11 (0.86-1.43)

1.03 (0.78-1.34)

0.99 (0.77-1.27)

Gestational age

 Born at term

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Born pretermd

1.82 (1.51-2.19)

3.31 (2.81-3.90)

1.98 (1.60-2.45)

1.41 (1.17-1.70)

Birthweight

 Normal

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Low birth weighte

1.74 (1.39-2.18)

2.06 (1.68-2.53)

1.48 (1.13-1.94)

1.17 (0.93-1.48)

Nicotine use during pregnancy

 No

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Yes

1.37 (1.20-1.56)

1.17 (1.03-1.34)

1.20 (1.07-1.35)

1.22 (1.09-1.38)

Educational level

 Elementary

1.31 (1.15-1.50)

1.28 (1.11-1.46)

1.28 (1.14-1.44)

1.30 (1.16-1.45)

 High school

1.14 (1.04-1.24)

1.13 (1.03-1.24)

1.05 (0.98-1.13)

1.04 (0.97-1.12)

College/

University

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

  1. a Adjusted for all variables presented in the table. Statistically significant ORs are presented in bold text
  2. b Any morbidity: the presence of any diagnosis within any of ICD-10 chapters I to XIX
  3. c Assisted reproductive technology (ART): ovulation induction, in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with own or donated gametes, embryo donation
  4. d Born preterm (PT): born at <37 weeks’ gestation
  5. e Low birth weight (LBW): birth weight <2500 g
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BMC Pediatrics

ISSN: 1471-2431

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