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Table 5 Chest radiograph (CXR) findings in relation to clinical findings across ITIP studies

From: Chest radiography in children aged 2–59 months enrolled in the Innovative Treatments in Pneumonia (ITIP) project in Lilongwe Malawi: a secondary analysis

Clinical variable, n (%)

CXR findings

Total N (%)

p-value

Primary endpoint pneumonia N = 18

Other infiltrates only N = 34

No significant pathology N = 31

N = 83

Hospital durationa

 1–5 days

4 (22.2)

11 (32.4)

6 (19.4)

21 (25.3)

0.50

 6–10 days

9 (50.0)

15 (44.1)

16 (51.6)

40 (48.2)

 11–15 days

3 (16.7)

7 (22.6)

6 (19.4)

16 (19.3)

  ≥ 16 days

1 (5.6)

0 (0)

3 (9.7)

4 (4.8)

Clinical pneumonia diagnosisb

 Fast-breathing pneumonia

0 (0)

5 (14.7)

5 (16.3)

10 (12.0)

0.08

 Chest-indrawing pneumonia

5 (27.8)

9 (26.5)

17 (54.8)

31 (37.3)

 Danger sign pneumoniac

9 (50.0)

9 (26.5)

7 (22.6)

25 (30.1)

Treatment failure on intravenous antibiotics

0.09

 Treatment failure on first-line intravenous antibiotics

9 (50.0)

9 (26.5)

12 (38.7)

30 (36.1)

 

 Treatment failure on second-line intravenous antibiotics

5 (27.8)

0 (0)

1 (3.2)

6 (7.2)

Day 14 assessment

 Cured at time of Day 14 visit

11 (61.1)

29 (85.3)

26 (83.9)

66 (79.5)

0.11

 Not cured at time of Day 14 visit

7 (38.9)

5 (14.7)

5 (16.1)

17 (20.5)

  1. p-value for hospital duration was obtained via analysis of variance. Hospital duration variables were missing for 2 children. Values for pneumonia diagnosis, treatment failure on intravenous antibiotics, and Day 14 assessment were obtained from a Fisher’s exact test
  2. aHospital duration variables were missing for 2 children
  3. bThe total from the WHO pneumonia diagnosis equals 66; 17 children who had a CXR did not fall into this clinical diagnosis (10 had CXR-confirmed pneumonia, 6 had isolated fever, and 1 had severe acute malnutrition)
  4. cAmong children with danger sign pneumonia, 17 had severe chest indrawing, 11 nasal flaring, 5 head nodding, 2 grunting, and 2 hypoxemia