Table 3 Bivariable and multivariable Cox-regression of predictor variable among children living with HIV at South Gondar hospitals, Ethiopia, 2021(n = 363)

Age of the child (years)

≤3

71

24

1.0 (0.63–1.78)

–

> 4–10

96

35

1.0 (0.64–1.60)

> 10

99

38

Ref

Sex

Male

144

46

0.7 (0.47–1.05)

0.9 (0.56–1.32)

0.487

Female

122

51

Ref

Ref

Residence

Rural

51

22

1.2 (0.79–1.78)

–

Urban

215

75

Ref

Caregiver’s Marital status

Married

175

63

1.2 (0.37–3.78)

–

Widowed

79

27

1.1 (0.34–3.76)

–

Divorced

7

3

Ref

Caregiver’s status

Both alive

186

63

Ref

Either or Bothe died

80

34

1.1 (0.71–1.65)

–

Caregiver’s occupational status

Housewife

145

58

0.8 (0.35–1.70)

–

Governmental employee

66

23

0.7 (0.30–1.67)

–

Merchant

29

9

0.8 (0.28–2.07)

–

Non-governmental employee

26

7

Ref

HIV status of the Caregiver’s

Positive

218

63

0.5 (0.29–0.83)

0.6 (0.32–1.01)

0.053

Negative

23

15

0.9 (0.46–1.84)

0.4 (0.18–1.01)

0.054

Not Known

25

19

Ref

Ref

Disclosure status

Yes

135

54

Ref

Ref

No

131

43

1.3 (0.86–1.92)

1.6 (0.98–2.47)

0.057

Regimen at baseline

PI-based

12

24

3.0 (1.90–4.82)

0.9 (0.50–1.61)

0.715

Non-PI based

254

73

Ref

Ref

Treatment failure

Yes

6

33

4.3 (2.81–6.57)

3.4 (2.05–5.75)

0.000

No

260

64

Ref

Ref

Cotrimoxazole preventive therapy

Yes

24

39

Ref

Ref

No

242

58

3.5 (2.30–5.19)

1.6 (0.96–2.65)

0.070

CD4 counts or %

Below threshold

19

42

3.9 (2.62–5.85)

2.5 (1.64–3.95)

0.000

Above threshold

247

55

Ref

Ref

Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT)

Yes

125

31

Ref

Ref

No

141

66

1.3 (0.85–2.02)

0.8 (0.49–1.26)

0.327

ART adherence

Good

203

77

Ref

Poor/Fair

63

20

0.8 (0.49–1.32)

TB status

Yes

12

28

3.7 (2.37–5.75)

1.2 (0.68–2.27)

0.471

No

254

69

Ref

Ref

Hx of OIs other than TB (n = 319)

Yes

85

32

1.1 (0.68–1.64)

–

No

149

53

Ref

Hemoglobin level

<  10 mg/dl

19

30

2.4 (1.55–3.71)

1.6 (0.75–1.95)

0.433

> = 10 mg/dl

247

67

Ref

Ref

WHO stages

Stage I&II

239

43

Ref

Ref

Stage III&IV

27

54

4.8 (3.18–7.11)

2.9 (1.74–4.73)

0.000

Duration On ART

< 49 months

131

57

0.9 (0.6–1.4)

–

≥49 months

135

40

Ref